Waterwall tubes
Waterwall tubes - seamless steel tube
Seamless pipes are extensively applied for the nuclear device, gas, petrochemical, ship building and boiler industries.
Seamless pipes find applications across various industries and sectors due to their strength, durability, and reliability.
Here are some common applications of seamless pipes categorized by industry:
Seamless pipes are commonly used in various industries for different applications. Here are some of the main uses of seamless pipes:
Seamless pipes are extensively used in the oil and gas industry for transporting fluids such as crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum products. They are capable of withstanding high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, making them suitable for oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation.
Seamless pipes find applications in the petrochemical industry for transporting chemicals, gases, and other hazardous substances. They are resistant to corrosion and can handle aggressive media, making them ideal for petrochemical plants and refineries.
Seamless pipes are used in power plants for various applications, including steam pipelines, boiler tubes, and turbine piping. They can withstand high temperatures and pressures, making them suitable for power generation through thermal and nuclear processes.
Seamless pipes are used in the automotive industry for manufacturing exhaust systems, fuel injection systems, and hydraulic lines. They provide excellent dimensional accuracy, strength, and resistance to corrosion, ensuring efficient and reliable performance in automotive applications.
Seamless pipes are used in construction projects for various applications, including structural support, water supply systems, sewage systems, and underground pipelines. They offer high strength and durability, ensuring long-lasting and reliable infrastructure.
Seamless pipes are widely used in mechanical and engineering applications, such as machinery, equipment, and tool manufacturing. They are used for conveying fluids, gases, and solids in various industries, including manufacturing, aerospace, and defense.
Seamless pipes are utilized in heat exchangers and boilers for efficient heat transfer. They are suitable for carrying hot fluids and steam at high temperatures and pressures, making them essential components in industries such as power generation, chemical processing, and HVAC systems.
It's important to note that the above applications are just a few examples, and seamless pipes have a wide range of uses in many other industries and sectors where reliable and efficient fluid transportation is required.
| Steel Grade | Standard | Application | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB(China) | ASME(USA) | DIN/EN(Euro) | JIS(Jpan) | ||
| Carbon steel | 10 20 20G 20MnG 25MnG Q345B/C/D/E |
A106 SA-106B SA-106C SA-192 SA-210A1 SA-210C |
St35.8 St45.8 P235GH P265GH |
STB340 STB410 STB510 |
Economizer tube Water wall tube, pipeline, header pipe, Petrochemical furnace tube, heat exchange tube |
| Mo steel | 15MoG 20MoG |
SA-209 T1 SA-209 T1a SA-209 T1b |
16Mo3 | 15Mo3 16Mo3 |
Water wall tube Superheater tube Reheater tube |
| Cr-Mo Steel Cr-Mo-V steel |
12Cr1MoG 12Cr2MoWVTiB |
12Cr1MoV 14MoV63 |
Superheater tube Reheater tube, Pipeline, Header pipe, Petrochemical furnace tube, Heat exchange tube |
||
| Cr-Mo-Steel Cr-Mo-W Steel Cr-Mo Steel Cr-Mo-W steel |
12CrMoG 15CrMoG 12Cr2MoG 10Cr9Mo1VNbN 10Cr9MoW2VNbBN 12Cr1Mo 12Cr5Mol/NT 12Cr9Mol/NT |
T11/P11 T12/P12 T22/P22 T23/P23 T24/P24 T5/P5 T9/P9 T91/P91 T92/P92 |
10CrMo5-5 12CrMo4-5 10CrMo9-10 7CrWVMoNb9-6 7CrMoVTIB10-10 X10CrMoVNb9-1 X10CrWMoVNb9-2 X11CrMo5+l/NT X11CrMo9-1+l/NT |
STB20 STB22 STB23 STB24 STB25 STB26 |
Superheater tube, Reheater tube, Main steam pipe, Pipleline, Header pip, Petrochemical furnace tube, Heat exchange tube |
| Carbon steel Ni steel |
16MnDG 10MnDG 09DG |
A333-1 SA-333-1 A333-6 SA-333-6 A333-3 SA-333-3 |
STPL380 STPL450 |
Tube & pipe for Low-temperature service | |
| Austentic Stainless steel | --- | AP304 TP304H TP321 TP321H TP347 TP347H TP316 TP316H S30432 TP310HCbN |
--- | Superheater tube Reheater tube |
|
| Pipe types | Pipe Szie(mm) | Tolerances | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot rolled | OD | <50 | ±0.50mm |
| ≥50 | ±1% | ||
| WT | <4 | ±12.5% | |
| ≥4-20 | +15%, -12.5% | ||
| >20 | ±12.5% | ||
| Cold drawn | OD | 6-10 | ±0.20mm |
| 10-30 | ±0.40mm | ||
| 30-50 | ±0.45 | ||
| >50 | ±1% | ||
| WT | <1 | ±0.15mm | |
| >1-3 | + 15%, – 10% | ||
| >3 | + 12.5%, – 10% | ||
For pipe over 10 inches as a special OD tolerance pipe, the OD shall within vary +1% /-1%.
| Standard | Hot finished seamless tube | Cold flnished seamless tube | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Out diameter (mm) |
Tolerance | Out diameter (mm) |
Tolerance | |
| EN10216-1 EN10216-2 DIN17175 |
≤100 | +/-0.75% (min.+/-0.5mm) |
All | +/-0.5% (min. +/-0.30mm) |
| >100 | +/-0.90% | |||
| GB/T 3087 | ≤460 | +/-0.75% (min.+/-0.5mm) |
10-30 | +/-0.40mm |
| >30-50 | +/-0.45mm | |||
| >50 | +/-1.0% | |||
| GB/T 5310 GB/T 9948 GB/T 6479 |
<57 | +/-0.40mm | ≤30 | +/-0.20mm |
| 57-325 | +/-0.75% | >30-50 | +/-0.30mm | |
| >325-460 | +1%,-2mm | >50 | +/-0.8% | |
| ASME SA-179M ASME SA-192M ASME SA-209M ASME SA-210M ASME SA-213M JIS G 3461 JIS G 3461 |
≤101.6 | +0.4, -0.8mm | <25.4 | +/-0.10mm |
| >25.4-38.1 | +/-0.15mm | |||
| >38.1-50.8 | +/-0.20mm | |||
| 101.6-190.5 | +0.4, -1.2mm | >50.8-63.5 | +/-0.25mm | |
| >63.5-76.2 | +/-0.30mm | |||
| >76.2 | +/-0.38mm | |||
| ASME SA106 ASME SA335 |
≤48.3 | +/-0.40mm | ≤48.3 | +/-0.40mm |
| 48.3-114.3 | +/-0.79mm | |||
| 114.4-219.1 | +1.59, -0.79mm | |||
| 219.2-323.9 | +2.38, -0.79mm | >48.3 | +/-0.79mm | |
| >324 | +/-1.0% | |||
For standard pipe, except as provided for thin-wall pipe, the tolerances of diameter shall be in accordance with the following table:
| Standard | Hot finished seamless tube | Cold flnished seamless tube | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Out diameter (mm) |
Tolerance | Out diameter (mm) |
Tolerance | |
| EN10216-1 EN10216-2 DIN17175 |
≤100 | +/-0.75% (min.+/-0.5mm) |
All | +/-0.5% (min. +/-0.30mm) |
| >100 | +/-0.90% | |||
| GB/T 3087 | ≤460 | +/-0.75% (min.+/-0.5mm) |
10-30 | +/-0.40mm |
| >30-50 | +/-0.45mm | |||
| >50 | +/-1.0% | |||
| GB/T 5310 GB/T 9948 GB/T 6479 |
<57 | +/-0.40mm | ≤30 | +/-0.20mm |
| 57-325 | +/-0.75% | >30-50 | +/-0.30mm | |
| >325-460 | +1%,-2mm | >50 | +/-0.8% | |
| ASME SA-179M ASME SA-192M ASME SA-209M ASME SA-210M ASME SA-213M JIS G 3461 JIS G 3461 |
≤101.6 | +0.4, -0.8mm | <25.4 | +/-0.10mm |
| >25.4-38.1 | +/-0.15mm | |||
| >38.1-50.8 | +/-0.20mm | |||
| 101.6-190.5 | +0.4, -1.2mm | >50.8-63.5 | +/-0.25mm | |
| >63.5-76.2 | +/-0.30mm | |||
| >76.2 | +/-0.38mm | |||
| ASME SA106 ASME SA335 |
≤48.3 | +/-0.40mm | ≤48.3 | +/-0.40mm |
| 48.3-114.3 | +/-0.79mm | |||
| 114.4-219.1 | +1.59, -0.79mm | |||
| 219.2-323.9 | +2.38, -0.79mm | >48.3 | +/-0.79mm | |
| >324 | +/-1.0% | |||
The wall thickness at any point shall be within the below tolerance table.
| Standard | Hot finished seamless tube | Cold flnished seamless tube | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Out diameter OD(mm) |
Wall thickness T(mm) |
Tolerance | Out diameter (mm) |
Wall Thickness T(mm) |
Tolerance | |
| DIN17175 | ≤130 | S≤2Sn | +15%, -10% | -- | All | +/-10% (min. +/-0.2mm) |
| 2Sn<S≤4Sn | +12.5%, -10% | |||||
| S>4Sn | +-/9% | |||||
| >130 | S≤0.05da | +17.5%, -12.5% | ||||
| 0.05da<S≤0.11da | +/-12.5% | |||||
| S>0.11da | +/-10% | |||||
| EN 10216-1 EN 10216-2 |
≤219.1 | - | +/-12.5% (min.+/-0.4mm) |
|||
| -- | T/D≤0.025 | +/-20% | ||||
| 0.025<T/D≤0.050 | +/-15% | |||||
| 0.05<T/D≤0.10 | +/-12.5% | |||||
| 0.1<T/D | +/-10% | |||||
| GB/T 3087 | -- | ≤20 | +15%,-12.5% (min.+0.45, -0.35mm) |
-- | 1.0-3.0 | +15%, -10% |
| >20 | +/-12.5% | -- | >3 | +12.5%, -10% | ||
| GB/T 5310 GB/T 9948 GB/T 6479 |
-- | <4.0 | +15%,-10% (min.+0.48, -0.32mm) |
-- | 2-3 | +12%,-10% |
| 4-20 | +12.5%,-10% | >3 | +/-10% | |||
| >20 | +/-10% | |||||
| ASME SA-179M ASME SA-192M ASME SA-209M ASME SA-210M ASME SA-231M JIS G 3461 JIS G 3462 |
-- | 2.41-3.8 | +35%, -0% | ≤38.1 | -- | +20%,-0% |
| 3.8-4.6 | +33%,-0% | >38.1 | -- | 22%,-0% | ||
| >4.6 | +28%,-0% | -- | -- | -- | ||
| ASME SA-106 ASME SA-335 |
-- | All | +/12.5% | All | +/-10% | |
Table 1, size for cold-drawn or cold rolled tube (Unit:mm)
| W.T. O.D. |
2.5 | 3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 |
| 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 63.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 89 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| W.T. O.D. |
2.5 | 3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 |
Note:
At the request of the purchaser and specified in the purchase order, the steel tubes with other O.D. and W.T. can be produced after the review.
(Unit:mm)
| W.T. O.D. |
3.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.2 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 22.2 | 24.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 44.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 57 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 63.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 114.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 121 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 127 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 133 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 140 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 152 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 180 |
(Unit:mm)
| W.T. O.D. |
6 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 7 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 9 | 9.5 | 10 | 14 | 16 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 40 | 46 | 50 | 52 | 55 | 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 244.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 269.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 273 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 298.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 339.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 351 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 355.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 365.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 377 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 402 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 406.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 431.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 457 |
10MnDG is a type of seamless steel pipe that belongs to the family of high-pressure boiler tubes. It is a low-alloy steel pipe with a chemical composition that includes carbon (C), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and other trace elements.
The chemical composition of 10MnDG typically includes:
10MnDG seamless steel pipe is mainly used in the manufacture of high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure boilers and pressure vessels. The pipes are designed to withstand high-pressure and high-temperature environments, making them suitable for use in applications such as power generation, chemical processing, and oil and gas refining.
10MnDG is a reliable material with excellent mechanical properties, including high strength, toughness, and resistance to creep deformation at high temperatures. These characteristics make it an ideal choice for use in critical applications where performance and reliability are essential.
Overall, 10MnDG seamless steel pipe is an important component of industrial piping systems, providing safe and efficient means for transporting fluids at high pressures and temperatures.
16MnDG is a type of seamless steel pipe that is commonly used in the manufacturing of high-pressure vessels and boilers. It belongs to the family of low-alloy steels and has a chemical composition that includes carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and other trace elements.
The chemical composition of 16MnDG typically includes:
16MnDG seamless steel pipe has good mechanical properties, including high strength, toughness, and resistance to creep deformation at high temperatures. These characteristics make it an excellent choice for use in high-pressure and high-temperature environments, such as in the manufacture of boilers, pressure vessels, and other equipment used in power generation and chemical processing industries.
The seamless nature of 16MnDG pipes ensures uniformity and consistency in their structure, which makes them less prone to defects or failures. This enhances their reliability and safety, providing a secure means for transporting fluids at high pressures and temperatures.
Overall, 16MnDG seamless steel pipe is an important component of industrial piping systems, providing a reliable and efficient means for transporting fluids in harsh and demanding environments.
09DG is a type of seamless steel pipe that belongs to the family of high-temperature and pressure-resistant steel pipes. It has a chemical composition that includes carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and other trace elements.
The chemical composition of 09DG typically includes:
09DG seamless steel pipe is designed to withstand high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, making it suitable for use in the manufacture of boilers, heat exchangers, and other equipment used in the power generation and chemical processing industries.
The seamless nature of 09DG pipes ensures that they have a homogeneous and consistent structure, which reduces the likelihood of defects or failures. This enhances their safety and reliability, providing a secure means for transporting fluids under high pressures and temperatures.
09DG seamless steel pipe has excellent mechanical properties, including high strength, good toughness, and resistance to creep deformation at high temperatures. These characteristics make it an ideal material for use in critical applications where performance and reliability are essential.
Overall, 09DG seamless steel pipe is an important component of industrial piping systems, providing a reliable and efficient means for transporting fluids at high pressures and temperatures.
A pickling phosphating tube is a type of treated steel tube that undergoes a specific chemical process known as pickling and phosphating.
This process is often used to prepare the surface of steel or iron materials for painting, coating, or other finishing procedures.
Carbon Steel: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, S45C, 55#, Q235B, Q235C, Q345D, CF53, A105
Alloy Steel: 16Mn (Q345B), 20Cr, 40Cr, 15CrMo, 20CrMo, 28CrMo, 30CrMo, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, 4130, 4140, 20CrMnTi, 40MnMoV, 20Mn2, 37Mn5, ZF6, 16MnCr5, 20MnCr5, 36Mn2V, 38Mn2V, 20Mn2, 65Mn, 15Mo3
Other: Acid Pickling and Phosphating Pipe, Special Materials Available for Customization.
With years of expertise, we provide a wide range of steel tube processing services. From basic sawing and machining to complex bending and upsetting operations, we support you at every stage of your project.
Our capabilities include eccentricity reduction and concentricity improvement through turning and grinding. We specialize in creating complex geometries using rotary swaging and axial forming, and offer property modifications through partial heat treatment to meet your exact requirements.
Alloy steel pipes are engineered for high-temperature, high-pressure and corrosive service where carbon steel cannot deliver sufficient strength or long-term reliability.
By incorporating Cr, Mo, Ni and other alloying elements, these pipes provide excellent resistance to oxidation, creep and corrosion—making them ideal for critical power, petrochemical and refining systems.
| Condition | Typical Application |
|---|---|
| High Temperature | Boilers, superheaters, steam headers |
| Low Temperature | Cryogenic processing systems |
| High Pressure | Power & process piping |
| Corrosive Media | Chemical & petrochemical plants |
| Creep Service | Thermal power stations |
| Product | Specification |
|---|---|
| Seamless Pipes | ASTM A335 P1 / P5 / P9 / P11 / P22 / P91 |
| Butt Weld Fittings | ASTM A234 WP1 / WP5 / WP9 / WP11 / WP22 / WP91 |
| Forged Fittings & Flanges | ASTM A182 F1 / F5 / F9 / F11 / F22 / F91 |
Sunny Steel supplies alloy steel piping systems worldwide, supporting projects that demand certified materials, full traceability and long-term operational reliability.
Chemical composition inspection, mechanical properties test(tensile strength,yield strength, elongation, flaring, flattening, bending, hardness, impact test), surface and dimension test, non-destructive test, hydrostatic test.
Identification of the chemical composition of the metal used to manufacture the fitting. Uses PMI sensors, including X-ray fluorescence or optical emission spectrometry.
Steel pipe delivery status(condition): cold / hard (BK), cold / soft (BKW), after cold stress relief annealing (BKS), annealing (GBK), normalized (NBK).
| Term | Symbol | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Cold-finished/hard (cold-finished as-drawn) | BK | No heat treatment after the last cold-forming process. The tubes therefore have only low deformability. |
| Cold-finished/soft (lightly cold-worked) | BKW | After the last heat treatment there is a light finishing pass (cold drawing). With proper subsequent processing, the tube can be cold-formed (e.g. bent, expanded) within certain limits. |
| Annealed | GBK | After the final cold-forming process the tubes are annealed in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
| Normalized | NBK | The tubes are annealed above the upper transformation point in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
The general cold strip mills, volume should go through continuous annealing (CAPL unit) to eliminate cold hardening and rolling stress, or batch annealing reach the mechanical properties of the corresponding standard specifies. Cold rolled steel surface quality, appearance, dimensional accuracy better than hot-rolled plate, and right-rolled thin product thickness is about 0.18mm, so the majority of users favor.
Cold rolled steel coil substrate products deep processing of high value-added products. Such as electro-galvanized, hot dip galvanized, electro-galvanized fingerprint resistant, painted steel roll damping composite steel, PVC laminating steel plates, etc., so that the excellent quality of these products has a beautiful, high resistance to corrosion, has been widely used.
Cold rolled steel coil finishing after annealing, cut the head, tail, trimming, flattening, smooth, heavy volume, or longitudinal clipboard. Cold-rolled products are widely used in automobile manufacturing, household electrical appliances, instruments, switches, buildings, office furniture and other industries. Steel plate strapping package weight of 3 to 5 tons. Flat sub-volume typically 3 to 10 tons / volume. Coil diameter 6m.
Bare packing/bundle packing/crate packing/wooden protection at the both sides of tubes and suitably protected for seaworthy delivery or as requested.
There are probably hundreds of different methods for packing a pipe, and most of them have merit, but there are two principles that are vital for any method to work: prevent rusting and sea transportation security.
Our packing can meet any needs of the customers.
Commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.
| Alloying Elements | Effect on the Properties |
|---|---|
| Chromium | Increases Resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Increases hardenability and wear resistance. Increases high temperature strength. |
| Nickel | Increases hardenability. Improves toughness. Increases impact strength at low temperatures. |
| Molybdenum | Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Enhances the effects of other alloying elements. Eliminate temper brittleness in steels. Increases high temperature strength. |
| Manganese | Increases hardenability. Combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects. |
| Vanadium | Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Improves fatigue resistance. |
| Titanium | Strongest carbide former. Added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide. |
| Silicon | Removes oxygen in steel making. Improves toughness. Increases hardness ability |
| Boron | Increases hardenability. Produces fine grain size. |
| Aluminum | Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting. |
| Cobalt | Increases heat and wear resistance. |
| Tungsten | Increases hardness at elevated temperatures. Refines grain size. |
Ceramic lined pipe is made through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique.
Cast basalt lined steel pipe is composed by lined with cast basalt pipe, outside steel pipe and cement mortar filling between the two layers.
Ceramic tile lined pipes have very uniform coating of specially formulated ceramic material that is affixed to the inner of the pipe.
The material of the rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe is ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe, which is also the grade of rare earth alloy steel.
Tubes Erosion Shields are used to protect boiler tubing from the highly erosive effects of high temperatures and pressures thereby greatly extending tube life.
The ASTM A213 T91 seamless tubes are primarily used for boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger.
When you partner with Sunny Steel, you can stop worrying about meeting deadlines thanks to our responsive and timely service. You'll also say goodbye to unnecessary shopping around. Instead, you'll get white glove service from an expert who understands your needs and can get you the materials you need quickly.
