ASTM A213 T91
ASTM A213 T91 - seamless steel tube
ASTM A213 Grade T122 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes are Carbon Steel Tubes with subsequent addition of chromium, molybdenum and sometimes vanadium are known as chrome moly Tubes.
Download PDFASTM A213 T122 is a specification for seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger tubes.
ASTM Specification alloy steel Tubes are used for high temperature service applications. Seamless Alloy Steel Tubes according to ASTM A213 Grade T122 are reheated and furnished in full annlealed,isothermal annealed or normalised quenched and tempered condition. ASTM A213 Grade T122 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes have a typical chemistry with additions of 10.00-11.50 Chromium and 0.25-0.60 Molybdenum. Bearing minimum tensile strength of 620 Mpa ASTM A213 Grade T122 Tubes have a minimum yield strength of 400 Mpa.
The specific chemical composition of T122 alloy steel may vary slightly depending on the manufacturing standards and requirements. It typically contains elements such as carbon (C), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and sometimes nickel (Ni).
| UNS Designation | K11562 |
|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.07-0.14 |
| Manganese | 0.70 max |
| Phosphorus | 0.02 |
| Sulfur | 0.01 |
| Silicon | 0.50 max |
| Nickel | … |
| Chromium | 10.00-11.50 |
| Molybdenum | 0.44-0.65 |
| Vanadium | … |
| Boron | … |
| Niobium | … |
| Nitrogen | … |
| Aluminum | … |
| Tungsten | … |
| Other Elements | … |
ASTM A213 T122 seamless alloy pipes are available from various suppliers and manufacturers. They come in different sizes, specifications, and quantities to meet specific project requirements.
| Tensile strength(min) | 620Mpa |
|---|---|
| Yield strength(min) | 220Mpa |
| Elongation | 20% |
| Delivery condition | annealed |
ASTM A213 Grade T122 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes are minimum-wall-thickness, seamless ferritic and austenitic steel, boiler and superheater tubes and austenitic steel heat-exchanger tubes, designated Grades T5, T11,T22,T91 etc. The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to ASTM A213 Grade T122 specification are 1-8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter to 5 in. [127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.015 to 0.500 in. [0.4 to 12.7 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. A213 Tubes having other dimensions may be furnished & provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
Grades containing the letter H have enhanced creep-rupture strength compared with non-H grades.
Typical sizes: 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] ID to 5 in. [127 mm] OD; wall thickness 0.015–0.500 in. [0.4–12.7 mm].
Definitions of terms used in this specification shall refer to ASTM A941.
Products shall conform to ASTM A1016/A1016M. In case of conflict, this specification shall prevail.
Tubes shall be made by the seamless process and supplied as hot finished or cold finished. Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished.
Reheated for heat treatment separately from hot forming, in accordance with Table 3.
Furnished in heat-treated condition. May be direct-quenched immediately after hot forming if temperature ≥ minimum solution treatment temperature.
With years of expertise, we provide a wide range of steel tube processing services. From basic sawing and machining to complex bending and upsetting operations, we support you at every stage of your project.
Our capabilities include eccentricity reduction and concentricity improvement through turning and grinding. We specialize in creating complex geometries using rotary swaging and axial forming, and offer property modifications through partial heat treatment to meet your exact requirements.
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Versatile components for the automotive industry – precision, quality, and processing expertise for every application.
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Versatile solutions for hydraulic systems – durable, pressure-resistant, and engineered for maximum reliability.
| Condition | Typical Application |
|---|---|
| High Temperature | Boilers, superheaters, steam headers |
| Low Temperature | Cryogenic processing systems |
| High Pressure | Power & process piping |
| Corrosive Media | Chemical & petrochemical plants |
| Creep Service | Thermal power stations |
| Product | Specification |
|---|---|
| Seamless Pipes | ASTM A335 P1 / P5 / P9 / P11 / P22 / P91 |
| Butt Weld Fittings | ASTM A234 WP1 / WP5 / WP9 / WP11 / WP22 / WP91 |
| Forged Fittings & Flanges | ASTM A182 F1 / F5 / F9 / F11 / F22 / F91 |
Sunny Steel supplies alloy steel piping systems worldwide, supporting projects that demand certified materials, full traceability and long-term operational reliability.
Chemical composition inspection, mechanical properties test(tensile strength,yield strength, elongation, flaring, flattening, bending, hardness, impact test), surface and dimension test, non-destructive test, hydrostatic test.
Identification of the chemical composition of the metal used to manufacture the fitting. Uses PMI sensors, including X-ray fluorescence or optical emission spectrometry.
Steel pipe delivery status(condition): cold / hard (BK), cold / soft (BKW), after cold stress relief annealing (BKS), annealing (GBK), normalized (NBK).
| Term | Symbol | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Cold-finished/hard (cold-finished as-drawn) | BK | No heat treatment after the last cold-forming process. The tubes therefore have only low deformability. |
| Cold-finished/soft (lightly cold-worked) | BKW | After the last heat treatment there is a light finishing pass (cold drawing). With proper subsequent processing, the tube can be cold-formed (e.g. bent, expanded) within certain limits. |
| Annealed | GBK | After the final cold-forming process the tubes are annealed in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
| Normalized | NBK | The tubes are annealed above the upper transformation point in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
The general cold strip mills, volume should go through continuous annealing (CAPL unit) to eliminate cold hardening and rolling stress, or batch annealing reach the mechanical properties of the corresponding standard specifies. Cold rolled steel surface quality, appearance, dimensional accuracy better than hot-rolled plate, and right-rolled thin product thickness is about 0.18mm, so the majority of users favor.
Cold rolled steel coil substrate products deep processing of high value-added products. Such as electro-galvanized, hot dip galvanized, electro-galvanized fingerprint resistant, painted steel roll damping composite steel, PVC laminating steel plates, etc., so that the excellent quality of these products has a beautiful, high resistance to corrosion, has been widely used.
Cold rolled steel coil finishing after annealing, cut the head, tail, trimming, flattening, smooth, heavy volume, or longitudinal clipboard. Cold-rolled products are widely used in automobile manufacturing, household electrical appliances, instruments, switches, buildings, office furniture and other industries. Steel plate strapping package weight of 3 to 5 tons. Flat sub-volume typically 3 to 10 tons / volume. Coil diameter 6m.
Bare packing/bundle packing/crate packing/wooden protection at the both sides of tubes and suitably protected for seaworthy delivery or as requested.
There are probably hundreds of different methods for packing a pipe, and most of them have merit, but there are two principles that are vital for any method to work: prevent rusting and sea transportation security.
Our packing can meet any needs of the customers.
Commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.
| Alloying Elements | Effect on the Properties |
|---|---|
| Chromium | Increases Resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Increases hardenability and wear resistance. Increases high temperature strength. |
| Nickel | Increases hardenability. Improves toughness. Increases impact strength at low temperatures. |
| Molybdenum | Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Enhances the effects of other alloying elements. Eliminate temper brittleness in steels. Increases high temperature strength. |
| Manganese | Increases hardenability. Combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects. |
| Vanadium | Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Improves fatigue resistance. |
| Titanium | Strongest carbide former. Added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide. |
| Silicon | Removes oxygen in steel making. Improves toughness. Increases hardness ability |
| Boron | Increases hardenability. Produces fine grain size. |
| Aluminum | Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting. |
| Cobalt | Increases heat and wear resistance. |
| Tungsten | Increases hardness at elevated temperatures. Refines grain size. |
| Grade | UNS Number |
Heat Treat Type | Austenitizing/ Solutioning Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC] | Cooling Media | Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC] | ASTM Grain S |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferritic Alloy Steels | |||||||
| T2 | K11547 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | … | … | |||
| subcritical anneal | … | … | 1200 to 1350 | … | |||
| [650 to 730] | |||||||
| T5 | K41545 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | |||
| T5b | K51545 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | |||
| T5c | K41245 | subcritical anneal | … | air or furnace | 1350 [730]C | … | |
| T9 | S50400 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | |||
| T11 | K11597 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1200 [650] | … | |||
| T12 | K11562 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | … | … | |||
| subcritical anneal | … | … | 1200 to 1350 | … | |||
| [650 to 730] | |||||||
| T17 | K12047 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1200 [650] | … | |||
| T21 | K31545 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | |||
| T22 | K21590 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … | |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | |||
| T23 | K40712 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975 | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … | |
| [1040–1080] | |||||||
| T24 | K30736 | normalize and tempher | 1800–1975 | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … | |
| [980–1080] | |||||||
| T36 | K21001 | normalize and temper | 1650 [900] | D | 1100 [595] | … | |
| T91 | K90901 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975 | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … | |
| [1040–1080] | |||||||
| T92 | K92460 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975 | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … | |
| [1040–1080] | |||||||
| T122 | K91261 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975 | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … | |
| [1040–1080] | |||||||
| T911 | K91061 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975 | E | 1365–1435 | … | |
| [1040–1080] | [740–780] | ||||||
| Austenitic Stainless Steels | |||||||
| TP201 | S20100 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP202 | S20200 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| XM-19 | S20910 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S21500 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F,G | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S25700 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S30150: | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP304 | S30400 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP304L | S30403 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP304H | S30409 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040] | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| … | S30432 | solution treatment | 2000 [1100]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S30434 | solution treatment | 2120 [1160] | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP304N | S30451 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP304LN | S30453 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S30615 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S30815 | solution treatment | 1920 [1050] | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP309S | S30908 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP309H | S30909 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040] | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| TP309Cb | S30940 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP309HCb | S30941 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]H | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| … | S31002 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP310S | S31008 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP310H | S31009 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040] | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| TP310Cb | S31040 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP310HCb | S31041 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]H | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| TP310HCbN | S31042 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F,H | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| … | S31060 | solution treatment | 1975 [1080]– | water or other rapid cool | … | 7 | |
| 2160 [1180]F | |||||||
| … | S31254 | solution treatment | 2100 [1150] | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S31272 | solution treatment | 1920 [1050] | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| … | S31277 | solution treatment | 2050 [1120]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| TP316 | S31600 | solution treatment | 1900 [1040]F | water or other rapid cool | … | … | |
| Grade | UNS Designation | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Vanadium | Boron | Niobium | Nitrogen | Aluminum | Tungsten |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | K11547 | 0.10–0.20 | 0.30–0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025B | 0.10–0.30 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00–2.00 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T9 | K90941 | 0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.25–1.00 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T11 | K11597 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50–1.00 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T12 | K11562 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025B | 0.5 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T17 | K12047 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.30–0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.15–0.35 | 0.15 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T21 | K31545 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50–1.00 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T22 | K21590 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| T23 | K40712 | 0.04–0.10 | 0.10–0.60 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.0010–0.006 | 0.02–0.08 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 1.45–1.75 |
| T24 | K30736 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.30–0.70 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.15–0.45 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.0015–0.007 | ... | 0.012 | 0.02 | ... |
| T36 | K21001 | 0.10–0.17 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.03 | 0.025 | 0.25–0.50 | 0.02 | ... | 0.015–0.045 | 0.02 | 0.05 | ... |
| T91 | K90901 | 0.07–0.14 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20–0.50 | 0.18–0.25 | ... | 0.06–0.10 | 0.030–0.07 | 0.02 | ... |
| T92 | K92460 | 0.07–0.13 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.001–0.006 | 0.04–0.09 | 0.030–0.07 | 0.02 | 1.5–2.00 |
| T122 | K91271 | 0.07–0.14 | 0.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.15–0.30 | 0.0005–0.005 | 0.04–0.10 | 0.040– | 0.02 | 1.50–2.50 |
| T911 | K91061 | 0.09–0.13 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10–0.50 | 0.18–0.25 | 0.0003–0.006 | 0.06–0.10 | 0.040–0.09 | 0.02 | 0.90–1.10 |
| Grade | Tensile strength (Mpa) |
Yield point(Mpa) not less than |
Elongation(%) not less than |
Impact(J) not less than |
Hardness not less than |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A213 T2/SA213 T2 | ?15 | 205 | " | 85HRB | |
| A213 T11/SA213 T11 | ?15 | 205 | " | 85HRB | |
| A213 T22/SA213 T22 | ?15 | 205 | " | 85HRB | |
| A213 T23/SA213 T23 | ?10 | 400 | 20 | " | 97HRB |
| A213 T24/SA213 T24 | ?85 | 415 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
| A213 T91/SA213 T91 | ?85 | 415 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
| A213 T911/SA213 T911 | ?20 | 440 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
| A213 T22/SA213 T92 | ?20 | 440 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
| A213 T122/SA213 T122 | ?20 | 400 | 20 | 25HRB | |
| TP304H | ?15 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| TP316H | ?15 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| TP321H | ?15 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| TP347H | ?15 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
| S30432 | ?90 | 235 | 35 | 95HRB | |
| TP310HCbN | ?55 | 295 | 30 | 100HRB |
A Maximum, unless range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (...) appear in this table, there is no requirement, and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
B It is permissible to order T2 and T12 with a sulfur content of 0.045 max. See 16.3.
C Alternatively, in lieu of this ratio minimum, the material shall have a minimum hardness of 275 HV in the hardened condition, defined as after austenitizing and cooling to room temperature but prior to tempering.
Hardness test frequency shall be two samples of product per heat treatment lot and the hardness testing results shall be reported on the material test report.
A 213 - Seamless Alloy Steel Boiler and Heat Exchanger Tubes
| ASTMSTANDARD | UNS NO. | KOREA/JAPANES | GERMAN | BRITISH | FRENCH | ITALIAN | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KS/JIS Symbol | KS/JIS Numbe | Remarks | DIN Type | DINNumber | MateriralNumber | Remarks | B.SNumber | B.S Grade | Remarks | AFNOR Type | NF Number | Ramarks | UNI Type | UNI Number | Ramarks | ||
| Grade T 5 | K41545 | STHA 24 / STBA 25 | D3572 / G3462 | (30)(24) | 12 CrMo 19 5 | 1.7362 | (3a) | 3606 | 625 | (30) | TUZ12C | A49-213 | (3a)(32) | Dalmine 234(3b) | |||
| Grade T 11 | K11597 | STHA 22 / STBA 24 | D3572 / G3462 | (30)(24) | 13 CrMo 44 | 17175 | 1.7335 | (8)(32) | 3606 | 621 | (30) | 5.05 | (3b)(32) | Dalmine 227(3b) |
|||
| Grade T 12 | K11562 | STHA 21 / STBA 22 | D3572 / G3462 | (30)(24) | 13 CrMo 44 |
17175 | 1.7335 | (32) | 3606 | 620 | (30) | TU 10 CD 5.05 | |||||
| Grade T 22 | K21590 | STHA 23 / STBA 24 | D3572 / G3462 | (30)(24) | 10 CrMo 9 10 | 17175 | 1.7380 | (32) | 3606 | 622 | (30)(32) | (3a)(32) | 12 CrMo 9 10 | 5462 | Dalmine 235(3b) | ||
| TP 304 | S30400 | STS 304 TB / SUS 304 TB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) | X5 CrNi 18 9 | 17440 | 1.4301 | (3b) | 3606 | 304S25 | (30) | TU 10 CD 9.10 | A49-218 | (3b) | X5 CrNi 18 10 | 6904 | (3b) |
| TP 304L | S31403 | STS 304LTB / SUS 304LTB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) |
X2 CrNi 18 9 | 17440 | 1.4306 | (3b) | 3606 | 304S22 | (30) | Z 6 CN 18.09 | A49-218 | (3b) | X2 CrNi 18 11 | 6904 | (3b) |
| TP 310 | S31000 | STS 310STB/SUS 210STB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) | X12 CrNi 2528 | 1.4845 | WBL-470(3b) |
(3) | Z 2 CN 18.09 | (3) | X22CrNi 25 20 | 6904 | (3b)(11) | ||||
| TP 316 | S31600 | STS 316TB / SUS 316TB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) | X5 CrNiMo 18 10 | 17440 | 1.4401 | (3b) | 3606 | 316S30 | (30) | A49-218 | (3b) | X5 CrNiMo 17 12 | 6904 | (3b) | |
| TP 316L | S211603 | STS 316LTB /SUS 316LTB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) | X2 CrNiMo 18 10 | 17440 | 1.4404 | (3b) | 3606 | 316S29 | (30) | Z 6 CND 17.12 | A49-218 | (3b) | X2 CrNiMo 17 12 | 6904 | (3b) |
| TP 321 | S32100 | STS 312TB/SUS 321TB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) | X10 CrNiTi 18 9 | 17440 | 1.4541 | (3b) | 3606 | 321S22 | (30) | Z2 CND 17.13 | A49-218 | (3b) | X6 CrNiTi 18 11 | 6904 | (3b) |
| TP 347 | S34700 | STS 347TB / SUS 347TB | D3577 / G3463 | (30)(24) | X10 CrNiNb 18 9 | 17440 | 1.4550 | (3b) | 3606 | 347S17 | (30) | Z6 CNT 18.11 | A49-218 | (3b) | X6 CrNiNb 18 11 | 6904 | (3b) |
| Z 6 CNNb 18.11 | |||||||||||||||||
Ceramic lined pipe is made through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique.
Cast basalt lined steel pipe is composed by lined with cast basalt pipe, outside steel pipe and cement mortar filling between the two layers.
Ceramic tile lined pipes have very uniform coating of specially formulated ceramic material that is affixed to the inner of the pipe.
The material of the rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe is ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe, which is also the grade of rare earth alloy steel.
Tubes Erosion Shields are used to protect boiler tubing from the highly erosive effects of high temperatures and pressures thereby greatly extending tube life.
The ASTM A213 T91 seamless tubes are primarily used for boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger.
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