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ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube

Name: ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube
Brand: Sunny Steel
Availability: InStock
Rating: 4.8 (128 reviews)

High Temperature Boiler Tube

ASTM A213 T91 seamless alloy tube is widely used in power plants and industrial boiler systems with excellent creep resistance, oxidation resistance and high temperature strength.

ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube is a high-grade alloy steel tube designed for high-temperature and high-pressure applications such as boilers, heat exchangers, and superheaters. T91 alloy tubes are part of the ferritic-martensitic class of steels, known for their strength, durability, and resistance to oxidation and corrosion. This alloy is primarily composed of chromium and molybdenum, which enhance its mechanical properties and make it ideal for demanding industrial environments.

Key Features

High-Temperature Resistance: Can withstand elevated temperatures up to 600°C, making it ideal for use in steam boilers and superheater tubes.
Seamless Construction: Ensures superior strength and reduces the risk of failure under pressure, compared to welded tubes.
Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance: Chromium and molybdenum in the alloy provide resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and scaling.
Excellent Mechanical Strength: High tensile and yield strength suitable for high-pressure environments in industrial settings.

Applications

Power Plants: Used in boilers and superheaters for generating high-pressure steam.
Petrochemical Industry: Essential in heat exchangers and pressure vessels.
Oil and Gas Sector: Suitable for transporting high-temperature fluids and gases in harsh conditions.

Advantages

Durability: Withstands extreme temperatures and pressure, ensuring long service life.
Efficiency: Seamless construction enhances heat transfer and reduces the risk of leakage or damage.
Resistance to Degradation: High corrosion and oxidation resistance prolong the lifespan of the tubes.
Enhanced Safety: Suitable for high-pressure environments, reducing the risk of tube failures.

Specifications

ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tubes are designed to meet the demanding conditions of high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Their application in industries such as power generation, petrochemicals, and oil and gas makes them an essential component for ensuring efficient and safe operations in extreme conditions.

Grade: T91
Standard: ASTM A213 / ASME SA213
Type: Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Tube
Size Range: Available in various outer diameters and wall thicknesses
Length: Custom lengths based on application requirements
Ends: Plain, beveled, or threaded ends

ASTM A213 T91 and ASTM A335 P91

Grade T91 specified in ASTM A213 which do Ferrite and Austenitic boiler superheater and heat exchanger seamless steel tube while grade P91 specified in ASTM A335 do Ferritic and alloy seamless steel tube intended for high-temperature service. Grade T91 and P91 steel pipes have a similar chemical composition and mechanical properties. As for their difference, we can say that they have been substituted for another one when the same purpose.

What is the material of T91 tube?

The SA 213 T91 Tube is composed with a chemical composition of chromium, carbon, manganese, nickel, silicon molybdenum, nitrogen, and a few other trace elements. These tubes possess excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance properties due to the SA213 T91 material used in their production.

What is the standard specification of ASTM A213 tubing?

ASTM A213 tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter to 5 in. [127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.015 to 0.500 in. [0.4 to 12.7 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness or, if specified in the order, average wall thickness.

What is ASTM A213 material?

What Is ASTM A213 / ASME SA213 Tubing? ASTM A213 tubing is seamless ferritic steel and austennitic alloy SS (stainless steel) tubing used in boilers for super heaters, and heat exchangers. ASTM A213 is available in multiple grades.

What is the difference between P91 and T91 material?

P91 and T91 are both high-temperature ferritic-martensitic steels commonly used in power plant components like boilers, steam pipes, and pressure vessels. They have similar chemical compositions and mechanical properties, but there are some differences between the two materials.

Manufacturing process: P91 is a modified version of T91 steel. The manufacturing process of P91 involves more strict heat treatment techniques and stricter quality control measures compared to T91.
Strength: P91 steel has a higher yield strength and tensile strength compared to T91 steel. This makes P91 more suitable for high-pressure applications where strength is crucial.
Creep resistance: Both P91 and T91 exhibit excellent creep resistance at elevated temperatures. However, due to the modified manufacturing process, P91 has slightly better creep resistance than T91.
Fabricability: T91 steel has better fabricability compared to P91 steel. It is easier to weld and form T91 components compared to P91 components.
Cost: P91 steel is generally more expensive compared to T91 steel due to the additional manufacturing processes and quality control measures involved.

In summary, P91 and T91 are very similar materials with slight differences in terms of strength, creep resistance, fabricability, and cost. The choice between the two materials depends on the specific application requirements and cost considerations.

ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube

ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube PMI testing

ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube Equivalent Material

ASTM	DIN	JIS	GB
P91	X10CrMoVNNb91	STBA 26	10Cr9Mo1VNbN

Chemical Composition of ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube

Grade	C	Mn	P,≤	S,≤	Si	Cr	Mo
T91	0.05–0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.50–1.00	2.65–3.35	0.80–1.06

Mechanical properties of ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube

Material	Yield strengthReH/Rp0,2 N/mm² min	Tensile strengthRm N/mm²	Elongation A% min
T91	220Mpa	415Mpa	30

Heat Treatment of ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube

Grade	UNS Number	Heat Treat Type	Austenitizing/ Solutioning Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC]	Cooling Media	Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC]	ASTM Grain S
Ferritic Alloy Steels
T91	K90901	normalize and temper	1900–1975 [1040–1080]	…	1350–1470 [730–800]	…

Note:

Heat treatment shall be carried out separately and in addition to heating for hot forming.
ASTM Grain Size No. listed, or coarser, unless otherwise indicated.

Application of ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube:

Allowable service temperature: ASTM A213 T91 alloy steel pipe is mainly used for manufacturing high temperature superheater, reheater and other pressure parts of subcritical and supercritical power plant boilers with metal wall temperature not exceeding 625 ° C, and also for pressure vessels and nuclear power high temperature pressure parts.

Application of T / P91 boiler pipe in petrochemical industry: T / P91 can be used to replace T / P22 and T / P5 tubes in distillation, cracking units and refineries because of its good high temperature mechanical properties and high temperature hydrogen resistance. Moreover, t / P91 is more suitable for boilers in sulfur rich environment than t / P22 and T / P5. Generally speaking, P91 pipe with pipe diameter greater than 168mm and T91 pipe with pipe diameter less than or equal to 168mm belong to the same steel type, and the requirements for chemical composition and mechanical properties are the same.

Related ASTM A213 T91 Seamless Alloy Tube | High Temperature Boiler Tube

Scope

Values in SI units are shown in brackets. Inch-pound units apply unless the “M” designation is specified in the order. Do not mix SI and inch-pound values.

Grades containing the letter H have enhanced creep-rupture strength compared with non-H grades.

Typical sizes: 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] ID to 5 in. [127 mm] OD; wall thickness 0.015–0.500 in. [0.4–12.7 mm].

Scope Notes

A: Values are maximum unless a range or minimum is indicated. “…” indicates no requirement.
B: T2 and T12 may be ordered with sulfur ≤0.045% (see 16.3).
C: Alternative to ratio: minimum hardness 275 HV after austenitizing and prior to tempering.
D: Niobium (Nb) and Columbium (Cb) are alternate names for the same element.
E: Nitrogen analysis method shall be agreed between purchaser and producer.
F: For small diameter/thin wall products, C ≤0.040% may be required for TP304L, TP316L, etc.
G: TP347LN: Nb ≥ 15 × C; TP348: Nb+Ta ≥ 10 × C, ≤1.10%.
H: TP348H: Nb+Ta ≥ 8 × C, ≤1.10%.
I: Iron content determined by difference (100% − sum of other elements).
J: Al + Ti: 0.85% min, 1.20% max.
K: TP444: Ni + Cu ≤ 1.00%.
L: TP444: Ti + Nb ≥ 0.20 + 4(C+N), ≤ 0.80%.
M: N08020: Nb + Ta ≥ 8 × C, ≤ 1.00%.

Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards

A262 – Intergranular attack detection
A941 – Steel & stainless steel terminology
A1016/A1016M – General tube requirements
E112 – Grain size determination

AWS Specifications

A5.23/A5.23M – Submerged arc welding electrodes
A5.5/A5.5M – Low-alloy steel electrodes

Terminology

Definitions of terms used in this specification shall refer to ASTM A941.

Ordering Information

Required Purchase Information

Quantity: feet, metres or number of lengths
Material: seamless tubes
Grade: as specified in Tables 1 and 2
Condition: hot finished or cold finished
Structural characteristics: if controlled (see 6.3)
Size: OD and wall thickness (minimum or average)
Length: specific or random
Test: hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test
Specification: designation and year of issue
Sulfur: increased sulfur for machinability if required
Special requirements: supplementary specifications

General Requirements

Products shall conform to ASTM A1016/A1016M. In case of conflict, this specification shall prevail.

Materials and Manufacture

Tubes shall be made by the seamless process and supplied as hot finished or cold finished. Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished.

Ferritic Alloys & Stainless Steels

Reheated for heat treatment separately from hot forming, in accordance with Table 3.

Austenitic Stainless Steels

Furnished in heat-treated condition. May be direct-quenched immediately after hot forming if temperature ≥ minimum solution treatment temperature.

Heat Treatment and Grain Size Requirements^A

Grade	UNS Number	Heat Treat Type	Austenitizing/ Solutioning Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC]		Cooling Media	Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC]	ASTM Grain S
Ferritic Alloy Steels
T2	K11547	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	…	…
		subcritical anneal	…		…	1200 to 1350	…
						[650 to 730]
T5	K41545	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1250 [675]	…
T5b	K51545	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1250 [675]	…
T5c	K41245	subcritical anneal	…		air or furnace	1350 [730]C	…
T9	S50400	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1250 [675]	…
T11	K11597	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1200 [650]	…
T12	K11562	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	…	…
		subcritical anneal	…		…	1200 to 1350	…
						[650 to 730]
T17	K12047	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1200 [650]	…
T21	K31545	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1250 [675]	…
T22	K21590	full or isothermal anneal	…		…	…	…
		normalize and temper	…		…	1250 [675]	…
T23	K40712	normalize and temper	1900–1975		…	1350–1470 [730–800]	…
			[1040–1080]
T24	K30736	normalize and tempher	1800–1975		…	1350–1470 [730–800]	…
			[980–1080]
T36	K21001	normalize and temper	1650 [900]		D	1100 [595]	…
T91	K90901	normalize and temper	1900–1975		…	1350–1470 [730–800]	…
			[1040–1080]
T92	K92460	normalize and temper	1900–1975		…	1350–1470 [730–800]	…
			[1040–1080]
T122	K91261	normalize and temper	1900–1975		…	1350–1470 [730–800]	…
			[1040–1080]
T911	K91061	normalize and temper	1900–1975		E	1365–1435	…
			[1040–1080]			[740–780]
Austenitic Stainless Steels
TP201	S20100	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP202	S20200	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
XM-19	S20910	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S21500	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F,G	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S25700	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S30150:	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP304	S30400	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP304L	S30403	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP304H	S30409	solution treatment	1900 [1040]	water or other rapid cool		…	7
…	S30432	solution treatment	2000 [1100]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S30434	solution treatment	2120 [1160]	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP304N	S30451	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP304LN	S30453	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S30615	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S30815	solution treatment	1920 [1050]	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP309S	S30908	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP309H	S30909	solution treatment	1900 [1040]	water or other rapid cool		…	7
TP309Cb	S30940	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP309HCb	S30941	solution treatment	1900 [1040]H	water or other rapid cool		…	7
…	S31002	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP310S	S31008	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP310H	S31009	solution treatment	1900 [1040]	water or other rapid cool		…	7
TP310Cb	S31040	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP310HCb	S31041	solution treatment	1900 [1040]H	water or other rapid cool		…	7
TP310HCbN	S31042	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F,H	water or other rapid cool		…	7
…	S31060	solution treatment	1975 [1080]–	water or other rapid cool		…	7
…	S31060	solution treatment	2160 [1180]F	water or other rapid cool		…	7
…	S31254	solution treatment	2100 [1150]	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S31272	solution treatment	1920 [1050]	water or other rapid cool		…	…
…	S31277	solution treatment	2050 [1120]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…
TP316	S31600	solution treatment	1900 [1040]F	water or other rapid cool		…	…

ASTM A213M-09 Material Comparison Tables

Grade	UNS Designation	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Vanadium	Boron	Niobium	Nitrogen	Aluminum	Tungsten
T2	K11547	0.10–0.20	0.30–0.61	0.025	0.025B	0.10–0.30	...	...	...	...	...	...
T5	K41545	0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	...	...	...	...	...	...
T5b	K51545	0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	1.00–2.00	...	...	...	...	...	...
T5c	K41245	0.12	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	...	...	...	...	...	...
T9	K90941	0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.25–1.00	...	...	...	...	...	...
T11	K11597	0.05–0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.50–1.00	...	...	...	...	...	...
T12	K11562	0.05–0.15	0.30–0.61	0.025	0.025B	0.5	...	...	...	...	...	...
T17	K12047	0.15–0.25	0.30–0.61	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	0.15	...	...	...	...	...
T21	K31545	0.05–0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.50–1.00	...	...	...	...	...	...
T22	K21590	0.05–0.15	0.30–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	...	...	...	...	...	...
T23	K40712	0.04–0.10	0.10–0.60	0.03	0.01	0.5	0.20–0.30	0.0010–0.006	0.02–0.08	0.015	0.03	1.45–1.75
T24	K30736	0.05–0.10	0.30–0.70	0.02	0.01	0.15–0.45	0.20–0.30	0.0015–0.007	...	0.012	0.02	...
T36	K21001	0.10–0.17	0.80–1.20	0.03	0.025	0.25–0.50	0.02	...	0.015–0.045	0.02	0.05	...
T91	K90901	0.07–0.14	0.30–0.60	0.02	0.01	0.20–0.50	0.18–0.25	...	0.06–0.10	0.030–0.07	0.02	...
T92	K92460	0.07–0.13	0.30–0.60	0.02	0.01	0.5	0.15–0.25	0.001–0.006	0.04–0.09	0.030–0.07	0.02	1.5–2.00
T122	K91271	0.07–0.14	0.7	0.02	0.01	0.5	0.15–0.30	0.0005–0.005	0.04–0.10	0.040–	0.02	1.50–2.50
T911	K91061	0.09–0.13	0.30–0.60	0.02	0.01	0.10–0.50	0.18–0.25	0.0003–0.006	0.06–0.10	0.040–0.09	0.02	0.90–1.10

ASTM A213M-09 Mechanical properties

Grade	Tensile strength (Mpa)	Yield point(Mpa) not less than	Elongation(%) not less than	Impact(J) not less than	Hardness not less than
A213 T2/SA213 T2	�?15	205		"	85HRB
A213 T11/SA213 T11	�?15	205		"	85HRB
A213 T22/SA213 T22	�?15	205		"	85HRB
A213 T23/SA213 T23	�?10	400	20	"	97HRB
A213 T24/SA213 T24	�?85	415	20	"	25HRB
A213 T91/SA213 T91	�?85	415	20	"	25HRB
A213 T911/SA213 T911	�?20	440	20	"	25HRB
A213 T22/SA213 T92	�?20	440	20	"	25HRB
A213 T122/SA213 T122	�?20	400	20		25HRB
TP304H	�?15	205	35		90HRB
TP316H	�?15	205	35		90HRB
TP321H	�?15	205	35		90HRB
TP347H	�?15	205	35		90HRB
S30432	�?90	235	35		95HRB
TP310HCbN	�?55	295	30		100HRB

Note

A Maximum, unless range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (...) appear in this table, there is no requirement, and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.

B It is permissible to order T2 and T12 with a sulfur content of 0.045 max. See 16.3.

C Alternatively, in lieu of this ratio minimum, the material shall have a minimum hardness of 275 HV in the hardened condition, defined as after austenitizing and cooling to room temperature but prior to tempering.

Hardness test frequency shall be two samples of product per heat treatment lot and the hardness testing results shall be reported on the material test report.

Material Comparison Tables (ASTM ℃KS, JIS, DIN, BS, NBN, NF, UNI)

A 213 - Seamless Alloy Steel Boiler and Heat Exchanger Tubes

ASTMSTANDARD	UNS NO.	KOREA/JAPANES			GERMAN				BRITISH			FRENCH			ITALIAN
ASTMSTANDARD	UNS NO.	KS/JIS Symbol	KS/JIS Numbe	Remarks	DIN Type	DINNumber	MateriralNumber	Remarks	B.SNumber	B.S Grade	Remarks	AFNOR Type	NF Number	Ramarks	UNI Type	UNI Number	Ramarks
Grade T 5	K41545	STHA 24 / STBA 25	D3572 / G3462	(30)(24)	12 CrMo 19 5		1.7362	(3a)	3606	625	(30)	TUZ12C	A49-213	(3a)(32)			Dalmine 234(3b)
Grade T 11	K11597	STHA 22 / STBA 24	D3572 / G3462	(30)(24)	13 CrMo 44	17175	1.7335	(8)(32)	3606	621	(30)	5.05		(3b)(32)			Dalmine 227(3b)
Grade T 12	K11562	STHA 21 / STBA 22	D3572 / G3462	(30)(24)	13 CrMo 44	17175	1.7335	(32)	3606	620	(30)	TU 10 CD 5.05
Grade T 22	K21590	STHA 23 / STBA 24	D3572 / G3462	(30)(24)	10 CrMo 9 10	17175	1.7380	(32)	3606	622	(30)(32)			(3a)(32)	12 CrMo 9 10	5462	Dalmine 235(3b)
TP 304	S30400	STS 304 TB / SUS 304 TB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X5 CrNi 18 9	17440	1.4301	(3b)	3606	304S25	(30)	TU 10 CD 9.10	A49-218	(3b)	X5 CrNi 18 10	6904	(3b)
TP 304L	S31403	STS 304LTB / SUS 304LTB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X2 CrNi 18 9	17440	1.4306	(3b)	3606	304S22	(30)	Z 6 CN 18.09	A49-218	(3b)	X2 CrNi 18 11	6904	(3b)
TP 310	S31000	STS 310STB/SUS 210STB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X12 CrNi 2528		1.4845	WBL-470(3b)			(3)	Z 2 CN 18.09		(3)	X22CrNi 25 20	6904	(3b)(11)
TP 316	S31600	STS 316TB / SUS 316TB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X5 CrNiMo 18 10	17440	1.4401	(3b)	3606	316S30	(30)		A49-218	(3b)	X5 CrNiMo 17 12	6904	(3b)
TP 316L	S211603	STS 316LTB /SUS 316LTB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X2 CrNiMo 18 10	17440	1.4404	(3b)	3606	316S29	(30)	Z 6 CND 17.12	A49-218	(3b)	X2 CrNiMo 17 12	6904	(3b)
TP 321	S32100	STS 312TB/SUS 321TB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X10 CrNiTi 18 9	17440	1.4541	(3b)	3606	321S22	(30)	Z2 CND 17.13	A49-218	(3b)	X6 CrNiTi 18 11	6904	(3b)
TP 347	S34700	STS 347TB / SUS 347TB	D3577 / G3463	(30)(24)	X10 CrNiNb 18 9	17440	1.4550	(3b)	3606	347S17	(30)	Z6 CNT 18.11	A49-218	(3b)	X6 CrNiNb 18 11	6904	(3b)
												Z 6 CNNb 18.11

Q1: The most important and desired changes in alloy steel are

Alloy steels are made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum. These metals are added to produce specific properties that are not found in regular carbon steel. The elements are added in varying proportions (or combinations) making the material take on different aspects such as increased hardness, increased corrosion resistance, increased strength, improved formability (ductility); the weldability can also change.

Increased hardenability.

Increased corrosion resistance.

Retention of hardness and strength.

Nearly all alloy steels require heat treatment in order to bring out their best properties.

Q2: Alloying Elements & Their Effects

Alloying elements are added to steel to enhance mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance.

Chromium – Adds hardness. Increased toughness and wear resistance.

Cobalt – Used in making cutting tools; improved Hot Hardness (or Red Hardness).

Manganese – Increases surface hardness. Improves resistance to strain, hammering & shocks.

Molybdenum – Increases strength. Improves resistance to shock and heat.

Nickel – Increases strength & toughness. Improves corrosion resistance.

Tungsten – Adds hardness and improves grain structure. Provides improved heat resistance.

Vanadium – Increases strength, toughness and shock resistance. Improved corrosion resistance.

Chromium-Vanadium – Greatly improved tensile strength. It is hard but easy to bend and cut.

Q3: Pipes, Tubes and Hollow Sections - Norms

API 5L – Line Pipe

ASTM A 53 – Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, Steel Pipe

ASTM A 106 – Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

ASTM A 213 – Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

ASTM A 269 – Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service

ASTM A 312 – Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

ASTM A 333 – Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service

ASTM A 335 – Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

ASTM A 358 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications

ASTM A 671 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures

ASTM A 672 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate Temperatures

ASTM A 790 – Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

ASTM A 928 – Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal

EN 10208-2 – Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids – Part 2: Pipes of requirement class B

EN 10210-1/2 – Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels

EN 10216-1 – Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties

EN 10216-2 – Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties

EN 10217-1 – Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties

EN 10217-2 – Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 2: Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties

EN 10219-1/2 – Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels

EN 10297-1 – Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes – Part 1 Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes

Q4: Pipes, Tubes and Hollow Sections - Grade

API 5L Gr. A, B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70

ASTM A 53 Gr. A, Gr. B

ASTM A106 Gr. A, B, C

ASTM A 213 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H, T5, T9, T11

ASTM A 269 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H

ASTM A 312 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H

ASTM A 333 Gr. 3, Gr. 6 ASTM A 335 P1, P2, P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P92

ASTM A 358 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H

ASTM A 671 CC 60, CC 65, CC 70

ASTM A 672 CC 60, CC 65, CC 70

ASTM 790 UNS S31803, UNS S32205, UNS S32750, UNS S32760

ASTM A928

EN 10208-2 L245, L 290, L360

EN 10210-1 S235 JRH, S275 JOH, S275 J2H, S355 JOH, S355 J2H

EN 10216-1 P235 TR1/2

EN 10216-2 P235 GH, P265 GH

EN 10217-1 P235 TR1/2, P275 TR1/2

EN 10217-2 P235 GH, P265 GH

EN 10219-1 S235 JRH, S275 JOH, S275 J2H, S355 JOH, S355 J2H

EN 10297-1 E235, E275, E315, E355, E470

Alloying Elements

Commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.

Alloying Elements	Effect on the Properties
Chromium	Increases Resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Increases hardenability and wear resistance. Increases high temperature strength.
Nickel	Increases hardenability. Improves toughness. Increases impact strength at low temperatures.
Molybdenum	Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Enhances the effects of other alloying elements. Eliminate temper brittleness in steels. Increases high temperature strength.
Manganese	Increases hardenability. Combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects.
Vanadium	Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Improves fatigue resistance.
Titanium	Strongest carbide former. Added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide.
Silicon	Removes oxygen in steel making. Improves toughness. Increases hardness ability
Boron	Increases hardenability. Produces fine grain size.
Aluminum	Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting.
Cobalt	Increases heat and wear resistance.
Tungsten	Increases hardness at elevated temperatures. Refines grain size.

ASTM A213 T11

ASTM A213 T11 - industrial steel pipe

ASTM A213 T92

ASTM A213 T92 - seamless steel tube

ASTM A213 T122

ASTM A213 T122 - industrial steel pipe

ASTM A213 T91

ASTM A213 T91 - seamless steel tube

ASTM A213 T12

ASTM A213 T12 - industrial steel pipe

ASTM A213 T9

ASTM A213 T9 - industrial steel pipe

ASTM A213 T5b

ASTM A213 T5b - seamless steel tube

ASTM A213 T5 Alloy Steel Tubes

Seamless ASTM A213 T5 chrome molybdenum alloy tubes for high temperature boilers, superheaters and heat exchanger systems.

ASTM A213 T22

ASTM A213 T22 - industrial steel pipe

【H】 Ceramic lined pipe

Ceramic lined pipe is made through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique.

【H】 Cast basalt lined steel pipe

Cast basalt lined steel pipe is composed by lined with cast basalt pipe, outside steel pipe and cement mortar filling between the two layers.

【H】 Ceramic Tile Lined Pipes

Ceramic tile lined pipes have very uniform coating of specially formulated ceramic material that is affixed to the inner of the pipe.

【H】 Rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe

The material of the rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe is ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe, which is also the grade of rare earth alloy steel.

【H】 Tubes Erosion Shields

Tubes Erosion Shields are used to protect boiler tubing from the highly erosive effects of high temperatures and pressures thereby greatly extending tube life.

【H】 ASTM A213 T91 Alloy Tube

The ASTM A213 T91 seamless tubes are primarily used for boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger.

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