ASTM A335/A335M

ASTM A335/A335M Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service.

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This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service. The pipe shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. Grade P2 and P12 steel pipes shall be made by coarse-grain melting practice. The steel material shall conform to chemical composition, tensile property, and hardness requirements. Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. Also, each pipe shall be examined by a non-destructive examination method in accordance to the required practices. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subjected to the limitations in the scope of the respective practices. The different mechanical test requirements for pipes, namely, transverse or longitudinal tension test, flattening test, and hardness or bend test are presented.

ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe

What is ASTM A335 material?

ASTM A335 is a standard specification for seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe intended for high-temperature service. This material is commonly used in power plants, refineries, and other industrial settings where high-temperature and high-pressure conditions are encountered. The "A" in ASTM A335 stands for "alloy," indicating that the pipe is made from alloy steel, which typically includes elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and sometimes vanadium to enhance its high-temperature properties.

Scope

1 This specification covers nominal wall and minimum wall seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe intended for high-temperature service. Pipe ordered to this specification shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature characteristics.

2 Several grades of ferritic steels (see Note 1) are covered. Their compositions are given in Table 1.
Note 1.. Ferritic steels in this specification are defined as low- and intermediate-alloy steels containing up to and including 10% chromium.

3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S7) of an optional nature are provided. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made, and when desired, shall be so stated in the order together with the number of such tests required.

4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.

Note The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as "nominal diameter", "size", and "nominal size".

Why ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is popular in high temperature application?

ASTM A335 Seamless Steel Pipe is generally named chrome moly pipe for the chemical elements- Molybdenum and Chromium. Molybdenum improves steel performances as steel strength, elastic limit, wear resistance, impact and hardenability.

ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is a popular choice for high-temperature applications due to several key reasons:

  1. High-temperature resistance: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is designed to withstand high temperatures up to 600°C (1112°F), making it an ideal material for high-temperature applications such as steam pipelines and heat exchangers.
  2. Corrosion resistance: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe exhibits good corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, such as those found in chemical processing and oil and gas industries.
  3. High strength: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe has high tensile strength and yield strength, making it ideal for use in high-pressure applications.
  4. Good weldability: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe can be easily welded using traditional methods, with no need for preheating or post-weld heat treatment.
  5. Uniform properties: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is produced using a consistent manufacturing process, ensuring that each pipe has uniform properties and quality.
  6. Cost-effective: Despite its superior properties, ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe remains an affordable option for high-temperature applications.

In summary, ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is popular in high-temperature applications due to its high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, good weldability, uniform properties, and cost-effectiveness. Its combination of properties makes it an ideal choice for use in various high-temperature and high-pressure applications, especially in the power generation, chemical processing, and oil and gas industries.

Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

Chemical Composition(%) of ASTM A335 pipe

ASTM Specification pipe confirming to ASTM A335 shall have the following chemical properties. Tensile and Hardness Requirements The tensile properties of the ASTM A335 pipe shall conform to the requirements as prescribed. Pipe of Grades P91, P92, and P122 shall have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25 HRC]. For pipe of Grades P91, P92, P122, and P911, Brinell, Vickers, or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on a specimen from each lot (see Note 7). These pipe bear high resistance to rupture at high temperature and pressures. With hydrogen crack resistance and sulfide stress corrosion cracking chrome moly pipe are highly preferred over Carbon pipe.

Grade C Mn P max S max Si Cr Mo V N Others 
P1 0.1-0.2 0.3-0.8 0.025 0.025 0.1-0.5 1.0-1.5 0.44-0.65 / / /
P2 0.1-0.2 0.3-0.61 0.025 0.025 0.1-0.3 0.5-0.81 0.44-0.65 / / /
P5 ≤0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 ≤0.5 4.0-6.0 0.45-0.65 / / /
P5b ≤0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 1.0-2.0 4.0-6.0 0.45-0.65 / / /
P5c ≤0.12 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 ≤0.5 4.0-6.0 0.45-0.65 / / /
P9 ≤0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 0.25-1.0 8.0-10.0 0.9-1.1 / / /
P11 0.05-0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 0.44-0.65 / / /
P12 0.05-0.15 0.3-0.61 0.025 0.025 ≤0.5 0.8-1.25 0.44-0.65 / / /
P15 0.05-0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 1.15-1.65 / 0.44-0.65 / / /
P21 0.05-0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 ≤0.5 2.65-3.35 0.8-1.06 / / /
P22 0.05-0.15 0.3-0.6 0.025 0.025 ≤0.5 1.9-2.6 0.87-1.13 / / /
P23 0.04-0.1 0.1-0.6 0.03 0.01 ≤0.5 1.9-2.6 0.05-0.3 0.2-0.3 ≤0.015 Cb(0.02-0.08) ,B(0.001-0.006)
Al(≤0.03), W(1.45-1.75)
Ni(≤0.4), Ti(0.005-0.060)
P24 0.05-0.1 0.3-0.7 0.02 0.01 0.15-0.45 2.2-2.6 0.9-1.1 0.2-0.3 ≤0.012 Ti(0.06-0.1), Al(≤0.02)
B(0.0015-0.007)
P36 0.1-0.17 0.8-1.2 0.03 0.025 0.25-0.50 ≤0.30 0.25-0.50 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Ni(1.0-1.3), Cu(0.5-0.8)
Cb(0.015-0.045), Al(≤0.050)
P91 0.08-0.12 0.3-0.6 0.02 0.01 0.2-0.5 8.0-9.5 0.85-1.05 0.18-0.25 0.03-0.07 Ni(≤0.4), Al(≤0.02), Cb(0.06-0.1)
Ti(≤0.01), Zr(≤0.01)
P92 0.07-0.13 0.3-0.6 0.02 0.01 ≤0.50 8.5-9.5 0.3-0.6 0.15-0.25 0.03-0.07 Ni(≤0.4), AL(≤0.02), Cb(0.04-0.09)
W(1.5-2.0), B(0.001-0.006)
Ti(≤0.01), Zr(≤0.01)
P122 0.07-0.14 ≤0.7 0.02 0.01 ≤0.50 10.0-11.5 0.25-0.6 0.15-0.3 0.04-0.1 Ni(≤0.5), Al(≤0.02), Ti(≤0.01)
W(1.5-2.5), Cu(0.3-1.7), Zr(≤0.01)
Cb(0.04-0.1), B(0.0005-0.005)
P911 0.09-0.13 0.3-0.6 0.02 0.01 0.1-0.5 8.5-9.5 0.9-1.1 0.18-0.25 0.04-0.09 Ni(≤0.4), Cb(0.06-0.1)
B(0.0003-0.006),Al(≤0.02)
W(0.9-1.1),Ti(≤0.01),Zr(≤0.01)

Chrome Moly Pipes: Werkstoff vs EN vs ASTM

ASTM A335 pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing treatment as required in Grade P2 and P12 – The steel shall be made by coarse- grain melting practice. Specific limits, if any, on grain size or deoxidation practice shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

Werkstoff /DIN EN ASTM
1.5415 16Mo3 A335 Grade P1
1.7335 13CrMo4-5 A335 Grade P11, P12
1.738 10CrMo9-10 A335 Grade P22
1.7362 X11CrMo5 A335 Grade P5
A335 Grade P9
1.4903 X10CrMoVNb9-1 A335 Grade P91

Tensile Requirements

Tensile Strength, min., psi P-5 P-9 P-11 P-22 P-91
ksi 60 60 60 60 85
MPa 415 415 415 415 585
Yield Strength, min., psi
ksi 30 30 30 30 60
MPa 205 205 205 205 415

Product Analysis At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipe from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of ASTM A335 pipe shall consist of the following: NPS Designator Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof. Note: ASTM A335 P91 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].

Mechanical properties of ASTM A335

Grade Tensile strength Yield strength
 P1,P2  380  205
 P12  415  220
 P23  510  400
 P91  585  415
 P92,P11  620  440
 P122  620  400

It also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel, and inhibits pitting. Chromium (or chrome) is the essential constituent of stainless steel. Any steel with 12% or more Chrome is considered stainless. Chrome is virtually irreplaceable in resisting oxidation at elevated temperatures. Chrome raises the tensile, yield, and hardness at room temperatures. The composition chrome moly alloy steel pipe make it ideal for use in power plants, refineries, petro chemical plants, and oil field services where fluids and gases are transported at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

Heat Treatment Requirements

Grade Heat Treatment Type
P5, P9, P11, and P22
Normalizing Temperature Range F [C] Subcritical Annealing or Tempering
Temperature Range F [C]
A335 P5 (b,c) Full or Isothermal Anneal
Normalize and Temper ***** 1250 [675]
Subcritical Anneal (P5c only) ***** 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745]
A335 P9 Full or Isothermal Anneal
Normalize and Temper ***** 1250 [675]
A335 P11 Full or Isothermal Anneal
Normalize and Temper ***** 1200 [650]
A335 P22 Full or Isothermal Anneal
Normalize and Temper ***** 1250 [675]
A335 P91 Normalize and Temper 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] 1350-1470 [730 - 800]
Quench and Temper 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] 1350-1470 [730 - 800]

Material & Manufacture

Pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing heat treatment noted below.

Heat Treatment

Mechanical Tests Specified

Notes for Hardness Test

Notes for Bend Test

FAQs About ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe

Q1. What industries commonly use ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe?
It is extensively used in power generation, petrochemicals, oil and gas, and aerospace industries.

Q2. Can ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe withstand high pressures?
Yes, it is known for its ability to handle high-pressure environments effectively.

Q3. Is ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe susceptible to corrosion?
While it can be prone to corrosion, proper coatings can make it highly resistant.

Q4. How is ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe manufactured?
It is produced through a seamless manufacturing process, ensuring its robustness.

Q5. What sets ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe apart from seamed pipes?
The seamless construction eliminates potential weak points, making it more reliable under pressure.

【H】 Ceramic lined pipe

Ceramic lined pipe is made through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique.

【H】 Cast basalt lined steel pipe

Cast basalt lined steel pipe is composed by lined with cast basalt pipe, outside steel pipe and cement mortar filling between the two layers.

【H】 Ceramic Tile Lined Pipes

Ceramic tile lined pipes have very uniform coating of specially formulated ceramic material that is affixed to the inner of the pipe.

【H】 Rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe

The material of the rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe is ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe, which is also the grade of rare earth alloy steel.

【H】 Tubes Erosion Shields

Tubes Erosion Shields are used to protect boiler tubing from the highly erosive effects of high temperatures and pressures thereby greatly extending tube life.

【H】 ASTM A213 T91 Alloy Tube

The ASTM A213 T91 seamless tubes are primarily used for boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger.