DIN 2391 standard specifies the Seamless steel tubes used forMechanical and Automobile.
The main products of steel / steel grade: DIN2391-1(ST35, ST45, ST52).
DIN2391 Part 2 specifies dimensions for cold finished, seamless precision steel tubes and is to be used in conjunction with DIN2391 part2 which states the relevant technical delivery conditions. The preferred sizes listed in standard are mainly used in mechanical and automotive engineering.
Where steel tubes of dimensions specified in this standard are to comply with the technical delivery conditions listed in subclause 1.2 of DIN 2391 Part 2.
DIN 2391 seamless precision tubes applications – Used in Hydraulic & pneumatic cylinder, Mechanical and Automotive engineering.
| Standard | Grade | Chemical Components (%) | |||||
| Symbol | Material No. | C | Si | Mn | P | S | |
| DIN2391 | St 30 Si | 1.0211 | ≤0.10 | ≤0.10 | ≤0.55 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 |
| St 30 Al | 1.0212 | ≤0.10 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.55 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |
| St 35 | 1.0308 | ≤0.17 | ≤0.35 | ≥0.40 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |
| St 5 | 1.0408 | ≤0.21 | ≤0.35 | ≥0.40 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |
| St 52 | 1.058 | ≤0.22 | ≤0.55 | ≤1.60 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |
The tubes shall be manufactured from cold drawn or cold rolled processes. The tubes shall be supplied in one of the delivery conditions as follows:
| Designation | Symbol | Description |
| Cold finished (hard) | BK | Tubes do not undergo heat treatment following the final cold forming and thus, have a rather high resistance to deformation. |
| Cold finished (soft) | BKW | The final heat treatment is followed by cold drawing involving limited deformation. Appropriate further processing allows a certain degree of cold forming (e.g. bending, expanding). |
| Cold finished and stress-relieved | BKS | Heat treatment is applied following the last cold forming process. Subject to appropriate processing conditions, the increase in the residual stresses involved enables both forming and machining to a certain degree. |
| Annealed | GBK | The last cold forming process is followed by annealing in a controlled atmosphere. |
| Normalized | NBK | The last cold forming process is followed by annealing above the upper transformation point in a controlled atmosphere. |
Delivery Condition Symbol in accordance with EN10305 and DIN2391.
| Symbol in accordance with EN 10305 | Symbol in accordance with DIN2391 |
| +C | BK |
| +LC | BKW |
| +SR | BKS |
| +A | GBK |
| +N | NBK |
| Steel Grade | Minimum values for the delivery condition | ||||||||||||
| Steel Name | Steel Number | BK | BKW | BKS | GBK | NBK | |||||||
| Rm | A % | Rm | A % | Rm | ReH | A % | Rm | A % | Rm | ReH | A % | ||
| Mpa | Mpa | Mpa | Mpa | Mpa | Mpa | Mpa | |||||||
| St 30 Si | 1.0211 | 430 | 8 | 380 | 12 | 380 | 280 | 16 | 280 | 30 | 290 to 420 | 215 | 30 |
| St 30 Al | 1.0212 | 430 | 8 | 380 | 12 | 380 | 280 | 16 | 280 | 30 | 290 to 420 | 215 | 30 |
| St 35 | 1.0308 | 480 | 6 | 420 | 10 | 420 | 315 | 14 | 315 | 25 | 340 to 470 | 235 | 25 |
| St 45 | 1.0408 | 580 | 5 | 520 | 8 | 520 | 375 | 12 | 390 | 21 | 440 to 570 | 255 | 21 |
| St 52 | 1.0580 | 640 | 4 | 580 | 7 | 580 | 420 | 10 | 490 | 22 | 490 to 630 | 355 | 22 |
| Inspection or test types | Test frequency | |
| Internal test | Acceptance test | |
| Chemical analysis | M | M |
| Tensile testing | M | One per tested batch |
| Flattening test or extension test | M | Two per tested batch |
| Dimension verification | M | M |
| Visual inspection | M | M |
| NDT in order to identify leaks | Individual | Individual |
The following marking shall be shown on a label attached to the bundle:
DIN steel heat exchanger tubes, meeting German Industrial Standards, are constructed from high-temperature and corrosion-resistant steel, specifically designed for efficient heat exchange applications.
With years of expertise, we provide a diverse array of steel tube processing options. From sawing and machining tube blanks to intricate bending and upsetting operations, we actively assist you throughout your projects.
Our capabilities extend to eccentricity reduction and concentricity enhancement through turning and grinding. We excel in creating complex geometries using processes like rotary swaging and axial forming. Additionally, we offer property modifications via partial heat treatment, ensuring tailored solutions for your specific needs.
Alloy steel pipes are ideally suitable for chemical, petrochemicals, and other energy-related applications.
The alloy steel pipe adopts high quality carbon steel, alloy structural steel and stainless & heat resisting steel as raw material through hot rolling or cold drawn to be made.
Alloy steel can be used in process area where carbon steel has limitation such as
As an important element of steel products, alloy steel pipe can be divided into seamless steel pipe and welded steel pipe according to the manufacturing technique and tube billet shape.
Here you can see the common alloy steel grade that you will come across.
Why the application of alloy steel pipe is wider than others
There are many kinds of materials used for transport in industrial production. Specifically we will have more choices and it is not limited to the use of alloy steel pipe. But even in the face of more choices, many people tend to choose alloy steel pipe. People make their own choices will have their own reasons. This means the alloy steel pipe application has its own advantages. Compared with transmission lines made of other materials, after it meets the basic application requirements, its quantity is lighter. Then in the practical application of alloy steel pipe, it will have more advantages because of this. Besides its physical characteristic advantage, it also has economic advantages. The wide application of alloy steel pipe is with kinds of reasons. So in practical usage, we can exploit the advantages to the full, in this way can we get more profits in these applications of alloy steel pipe.
The transportation of kinds of gases or liquids in production needs to rely on alloy steel pipe. This shows that the actual role of alloy steel pipe application is important. High temperature resistant and low temperature resistant is the tolerance of temperature. In the practical application of alloy steel pipe, there will be many materials need to be transported. However their temperatures are not the same. So this can be the basic requirement to alloy steel pipe. It needs more corrosion resistance. Corrosion resistant material is the best material during transporting, because it is corrosion resistant. So it can be used in more occasions. And it is definitely very convenient for users.
Can be 100% recycled, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, resource conservation, national strategy, national policy to encourage the expansion of the field of application of high-pressure alloy pipe. Of alloy steel pipe total consumption accounted steel in the proportion is only half of the developed countries, to expand the field of use of the alloy steel pipe to provide a wider space for the development of the industry. The future needs of the average annual growth of China’s high-pressure alloy steel pipe long products up to 10-12%.
Alloy Steel pipe contains substantial quantities of elements other than carbon such as nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and limited amounts of other commonly accepted elements such as manganese, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorous.
Our team of experienced sales specialists proudly partners with gas and chemical processors, power generation plants, oil refineries, and related industries to offer piping components and value-added services.
The biggest advantages of alloy steel pipe can be 100% recycled, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, resource conservation, national strategy, national policy to encourage the expansion of the field of application of high-pressure alloy pipe. Of alloy tube total consumption accounted steel in the proportion is only half of the developed countries, to expand the field of use of the alloy tube to provide a wider space for the development of the industry. According to the Chinese Special Steel Association alloy pipe Branch Expert Group, the future needs of the average annual growth of China’s high-pressure alloy pipe long products up to 10-12%.
Steel pipe delivery status(condition): cold / hard (BK), cold / soft (BKW), after cold stress relief annealing (BKS), annealing (GBK), normalized (NBK).
| Term | Symbol | Explanation |
| Cold-finished/hard (cold-finished as-drawn) | BK | No heat treatment after the last cold-forming process. The tubes therefore have only low deformability. |
| Cold-finished/soft (lightly cold-worked) | BKW | After the last heat treatment there is a light finishing pass (cold drawing) With proper subsequent processing, the tube can be cold-formed (e.g. bent, expanded) within certain limits. |
| Annealed | GBK | After the final cold-forming process the tubes are annealed in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
| Normalized | NBK | The tubes are annealed above the upper transformation point in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
The general cold strip mills, volume should go through continuous annealing (CAPL unit) to eliminate cold hardening and rolling stress, or batch annealing reach the mechanical properties of the corresponding standard specifies. Cold rolled steel surface quality, appearance, dimensional accuracy better than hot-rolled plate, and right-rolled thin product thickness is about 0.18mm, so the majority of users favor.
Cold rolled steel coil substrate products deep processing of high value-added products. Such as electro-galvanized, hot dip galvanized, electro-galvanized fingerprint resistant, painted steel roll damping composite steel, PVC laminating steel plates, etc., so that the excellent quality of these products has a beautiful, high resistance to corrosion, has been widely used.
Cold rolled steel coil finishing after annealing, cut the head, tail, trimming, flattening, smooth, heavy volume, or longitudinal clipboard. Cold-rolled products are widely used in automobile manufacturing, household electrical appliances, instruments, switches, buildings, office furniture and other industries. Steel plate strapping package weight of 3 to 5 tons. Flat sub-volume typically 3 to 10 tons / volume. Coil diameter 6m.
Bare packing/bundle packing/crate packing/wooden protection at the both sides of tubes and suitably protected for sea-worthly delivery or as requested.
There are probably hundreds of different methods for packing a pipe, and most of them have merit, but there are two principles that are vital for any method to work prevent rusting and Sea transportation security.
Our packing can meet any needs of the customers.
Commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.
| Alloying Elements | Effect on the Properties |
|---|---|
| Chromium | Increases Resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Increases hardenability and wear resistance. Increases high temperature strength. |
| Nickel | Increases hardenability. Improves toughness. Increases impact strength at low temperatures. |
| Molybdenum | Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Enhances the effects of other alloying elements. Eliminate temper brittleness in steels. Increases high temperature strength. |
| Manganese | Increases hardenability. Combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects. |
| Vanadium | Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Improves fatigue resistance. |
| Titanium | Strongest carbide former. Added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide. |
| Silicon | Removes oxygen in steel making. Improves toughness. Increases hardness ability |
| Boron | Increases hardenability. Produces fine grain size. |
| Aluminum | Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting. |
| Cobalt | Increases heat and wear resistance. |
| Tungsten | Increases hardness at elevated temperatures. Refines grain size. |
Ceramic lined pipe is made through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique.
Cast basalt lined steel pipe is composed by lined with cast basalt pipe, outside steel pipe and cement mortar filling between the two layers.
Ceramic tile lined pipes have very uniform coating of specially formulated ceramic material that is affixed to the inner of the pipe.
The material of the rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe is ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe, which is also the grade of rare earth alloy steel.
Tubes Erosion Shields are used to protect boiler tubing from the highly erosive effects of high temperatures and pressures thereby greatly extending tube life.
The ASTM A213 T91 seamless tubes are primarily used for boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger.
