Wear-Resistant High Chromium Cast Iron Pipes

Wear-Resistant High Chromium Cast Iron Pipes

Wear-resistant high chromium cast iron pipes are composed of 2 layers of metal, the outer layer is generally Q235 ordinary steel pipe, and the innerHigh chromium alloy,Optional welding and cutting, high wear resistance and heat resistance.

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Wear-Resistant High Chromium Cast Iron Pipes
Wear-Resistant High Chromium Cast Iron Pipes
Wear-Resistant High Chromium Cast Iron Pipes

The wear resistance of the pulverized coal conveying pipeline of the boiler of the thermal power plant must be designed for leakproof, anti-corrosion, rain-proof, anti-freeze and other factors. The key points are anti-wear and anti-corrosion. It has always been the key part of power plant maintenance. The comprehensive performance of the pipeline system, especially the wear resistance, is directly related to the operating cost and the economic benefit of the entire power plant, and is a key issue that must be considered in the construction and maintenance of new power plants.

What is high chromium steel?

High chromium steel, often referred to as high chrome steel or high chromium white iron, is a type of alloy steel that contains a high concentration of chromium. This alloy steel is characterized by its excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance properties, primarily due to the high chromium content.

High chromium steel is commonly used in applications where abrasion and wear resistance are critical, such as in mining, mineral processing, and the manufacturing of cement, among others. The high chromium content in this steel promotes the formation of hard chromium carbides within the microstructure, which enhances its resistance to wear, impact, and corrosion.

This type of steel can be used to manufacture components like crusher hammers, liners for ball mills and grinding mills, excavator buckets, and various other parts subject to severe abrasion and impact.

Different grades of high chromium steel exist, such as ASTM A532 and ASTM A532M, which provide guidelines and specifications for high chromium white iron castings used in wear-resistant applications. The specific chemical composition and properties may vary based on the intended application and manufacturer.


Technical requirements

  • The overall performance of the bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow must meet the following requirements; the flexural strength must be greater than 610MN/M2, the tensile strength must be greater than 415MN/M2, the impact toughness must be greater than 15J/CM2, and the hardness of the wear-resistant layer must be greater than 50.
  • The inner and outer surfaces of the bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow should be smooth and clean, without burrs, burrs, cracks, porosity, pores or air bubbles, no cracks are allowed, the pipe has good compactness, and the flow direction of the medium should be marked in obvious parts. The inner lining of each elbow must be formed at one time, and it is strictly prohibited to weld the folded line after it is produced in sections.
  • The dimensional deviation of pipe fittings shall comply with the provisions of GB3092, GB8162 and GB8163, and shall comply with the requirements of product drawings and order agreements. Thickness deviation of inner lining ≤+1.2mm. The weight of each elbow cannot exceed the design weight. And mark the weight in the obvious place.
  • The steel pipe used in the composite pipe adopts seamless steel pipe, and its performance shall comply with the relevant agreement.
  • The bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow is installed by direct welding, with good welding performance, and the outer welded pipe is made of 16MnR# steel.
  • Each inlet and outlet of the bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow has a straight section of a certain length. The straight section (L1/L2) should be consistent with the material and wall thickness of the elbow body, and a 100mm transition section is added outside the straight section to be welded to the powder feeding pipeline. There should be no special requirements for on-site welding of products to ensure good welding performance when products are welded at room temperature on site.
  • The life of the bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow is not less than 10 years (8000 hours of operation per year).
  • During the service life of the bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow and under the abnormal conditions of spontaneous combustion of the powder feeding pipeline, the product should ensure that the lining wear-resistant layer does not crack or peel off; when the pipeline is partially blocked, it should ensure that it can knock, cutting, it should be convenient for unloading, installation and maintenance.
  • The sealing performance test of the bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow shall be carried out before leaving the factory, and the test shall be carried out according to the relevant standards. When the quality and performance of the products provided by the supplier do not meet the specified standards, they shall not leave the factory.
  • The product should meet the "DL/T 680-1999 Technical Conditions Standard for Wear-Resistant Pipelines".

Technical requirements parameter table

Special Corundum ceramics made of rare metal oxides as solvents and sintered at high temperature by 1730 ℃ through bonding, welding, mosaic, riveting and socket technology, a variety of wear-resistant ceramic pieces, block brick materials in the pipe wear surface, so as to form a surface with excellent wear resistance, and the matrix is still using the composite pipe of ordinary metal.

Main technical parameters of bimetal composite wear-resistant elbow:

  • Thickness of bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow: inner arc: 22 outer arc: 32
  • Eccentricity: 5mm
  • Thickness deviation of inner lining: ≤+1.2mm
  • Design pressure: 1.6Mpa, hydraulic test pressure: 5.6-19MPa:
  • Design temperature: 350℃

Chrome-Moly

  • Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel or Chrome-Moly, CrMo is an alloy steel intended for high temperature and high pressure services.
  • Chrome-Moly is used in the power generation industry and the petro-chemical industry because of its tensile strength, corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength.
  • Chrome-Moly has a better strength to Weight ratio than steel, which enables designers to use thinner wall pipe or smaller diameter tubing to reduce overall weight.
  • Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel has strong resistance to rupturing at high temperatures and high pressures.
  • Chrome-Moly is also resistant to cracking from hydrogen attack and hot sulfide corrosion cracking.
  • Chrome-Moly grades P-11, P-22, P-91 and P-92 are used in the power industry.
  • Chrome-Moly grades P-5 and P-9 are used in petro-chemical refinery processes.
  • Chrome-Moly Forged Fittings & Flanges are available in grades F-5, F-9, F-11, F-22, F-91, F92.
  • Chrome-Moly Alloy Butt Weld Fittings are available in grades WP-5, WP-9, WP-11, WP-22, SP-91, WP-92.
  • F11 and F22 meet NACE-MRO 175.

Bimetal wear resistant products including: double metal wear-resisting straight pipe and double metal wear-resisting bend, double metal wear tee, double metal wear resistance reducer adopts the pipe fittings such as vacuum suction casting composite process, its advanced technology, effectively solve the problem of the bent pipe cannot be composite, bending and other various special-shaped pipe can do the whole compound, don’t change the material flow in the pipe bending trajectory, reduce resistance material conveying.

The outer wall of the centrifugal pipe is made of carbon steel, which ensures that the bimetal wear-resistant pipe has high mechanical strength and impact resistance.The inner lining wear resistance layer adopts the anti-wear alloy steel series independently developed by our company. The steel mainly adds alloy such as cr-ni-mo-cu-re and so on. Through the tempering heat treatment process, the alloy steel has strong wear resistance and corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and impact resistance.

The whole set of process of our factory is the first in China, which fills the blank of anti-corrosion and wear-resistant industrial pipeline in China and has reached the international advanced level. It has been widely used in mining, metallurgy, coal, electric power and other industries, and is an ideal wear-resistant pipeline.


Technical requirements parameter table

Special Corundum ceramics made of rare metal oxides as solvents and sintered at high temperature by 1730 ℃ through bonding, welding, mosaic, riveting and socket technology, a variety of wear-resistant ceramic pieces, block brick materials in the pipe wear surface, so as to form a surface with excellent wear resistance, and the matrix is still using the composite pipe of ordinary metal.

Main technical parameters of bimetal composite wear-resistant elbow:

  • Thickness of bimetal wear-resistant composite elbow: inner arc: 22 outer arc: 32
  • Eccentricity: 5mm
  • Thickness deviation of inner lining: ≤+1.2mm
  • Design pressure: 1.6Mpa, hydraulic test pressure: 5.6-19MPa:
  • Design temperature: 350℃

Chemical composition of Bi-metal clad pipe

Grade C Cr Ni Mn Mo Cu P Re
KmTBCr26 2.5-3.2 26-28 0.8-1.2 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 0.5-0.8 ≤0.03 ≤0.10

Physical Properties of Bi-metal clad pipe

Flexure Strength
MN/㎡
Tensile Strength
MN/㎡
Elongation
%
Cross Section Stretch Ratio
%
Impact Toughness
J/c㎡
Hardness of Wearable Layer
HRC
Hydrostatic Testing Pressure
Mpa
>610 >700 5 5.1 >15 >38 5.6-12.9

Abrasion Resisting Cast Iron Low Alloy And High Alloy Grade

Standard Item Grade Chemical composition (%) Tensile requirements Hardness(HB)
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cu Thickness(mm) Tensile strength(Mpa) Elongation(%) Heat treatment
GB 8263 KmTBNi4-Cr2-DT 2.7-3.2 0.3-0.8 0.3-0.8 ≦0.15 ≦0.1 3.0-5.0 2.0-3.0 0.0-1.0 - - - - - -
ASTM A532 I BNiCr-LC 2.4-3.0 ≦0.8 ≦2.0 ≦0.3 ≦0.15 3.3-5.0 1.4-4.0 ≦1.0 - ≧200 - - - ≦550
DIN 1695 G-X260-NiCr42 2.6-2.9 0.2-0.8 0.3-0.7 - - 3.5-5.0 1.4-2.4 ≦0.5 - - ≧320 - - ≦500
GB 8263 KmTBNi4-Cr2-GT 3.2-3.6 0.3-0.8 0.3-0.8 ≦0.15 ≦0.1 3.0-5.0 2.0-3.0 0.0-1.0 - - - - - -
ASTM A532 I ANCr-HC 2.8-3.6 ≦0.8 ≦1.3 ≦0.3 ≦0.15 3.3-5.0 1.4-4.0 ≦1.0 - ≧200 - - - ≦550
DIN 1695 G-X330-NiCr42 3.0-3.6 0.2-0.8 0.3-0.7 - - 3.3-5.0 1.4-2.4 ≦0.5 - - ≧280 - - ≦690
GB 8263 KmTBCr9-Ni5Si2 2.5-3.6 1.5-2.2 0.3-0.8 ≦0.15 ≦0.1 4.5-6.5 8.0-10.0 0.0-1.0 - - - - - -
ASTM A532 I DNiHCr 2.5-3.6 ≦2.0 ≦2.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.15 4.5-7.0 7.0-11.0 ≦1.5 - ≧300 - - - ≦500
DIN 1695 G-X300Cr-NSi952 2.5-3.5 1.5-2.2 0.3-0.7 - - 4.5-6.5 8.0-10.0 ≦0.5 - - 500-600 - - ≦690
GB 8263 KmTBCr15-Mo2-GT 2.8-3.5 ≦1.0 0.5-1.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 0.0-1.0 13.0-18.0 0.5-3.0 0.0-1.2 - - - - -
ASTM A532 ⅡB15%Cr-Mo-HC 2.0-3.0 ≦1.5 ≦2.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 ≦2.5 14.0-18.0 1.0-3.0 ≦1.2 ≧75 - - H ≦600
DIN 1695 G-X300-CrMo153 2.3-3.6 0.2-0.8 0.5-1.0 - - ≦0.7 14.0-17.0 1.0-3.0 ≦1.2 - ≧450 ≦690 H -
ASTM A532 Ⅱ020%-CrMo-LC 2.0-3.3 1.0-2.2 ≦2.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 ≦1.5 18.0-23.0 ≦2.0 ≦1.2 ≧200 - - H ≦600
DIN 1695 G-X260Cr-MoNi2021 2.3-2.9 0.2-0.3 0.5-1.0 - - 0.8-1.2 18.0-22.0 1.4-2.0 - - ≧450 - H ≦690
GB 8263 KmTBCr20-Mo2Cu1 2.0-3.0 ≦1.0 0.5-1.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 0.0-1.5 18.0-22.0 1.5-2.5 0.8-1.2 - - - - -
ASTM A532 ⅡA-25%Cr 2.0-3.0 ≦1.5 ≦2.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 ≦2.5 23.0-30.0 ≦3.0 ≦1.2 ≧200 - - - ≦600
DIN 1695 G-X260-Cr27 2.3-2.9 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 - - ≦1.2 24.0-28.0 ≦1.0 - - ≧560 - - ≦690
GB 8263 KmTBCr26 2.3-3.0 ≦1.0 0.5-1.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 0.0-1.5 23.0-28.0 0.0-1.0 0.0-2.0 - - - - -
ASTM A532 Ⅲ A-25%Cr 2.0-3.3 ≦1.0 ≦2.0 ≦0.1 ≦0.06 ≦2.5 23.0-30.0 ≦1.5 ≦1.2 ≧200 - - H ≦600
DIN 1695 G-X300Cr-Mo271 3.0-3.5 0.2-1.0 0.5-1.0 - - - 23.0-28.0 1.0-2.0 ≦1.2 - ≧450 - H ≦690
Bi metal clad pipe layer structure

What is Bimetal clad pipe?

Bimetal wear resistant pipe adopts centrifugal casting technology in the production process of straight pipe.

This technology is to fuse and shape both metals in liquid state, realizing the purpose of real metallurgical bonding. The shear strength of the binding layer is higher than that of the metal itself, and completely realizes the mechanical complementarity between base layer and wear resistant layer.

Bimetal wear resistant pipe, including: double metal wear-resisting straight pipe and double metal wear-resisting bend, double metal wear tee, double metal wear resistance reducer adopts the pipe fittings such as vacuum suction casting composite process, its advanced technology, effectively solve the problem of the bent pipe cannot be composite, bending and other various special-shaped pipe can do the whole compound, don't change the material flow in the pipe bending trajectory, reduce resistance material conveying.

The outer wall of the centrifugal pipe is made of carbon steel, which ensures that the bimetal wear-resistant pipe has high mechanical strength and impact resistance.The inner lining wear resistance layer adopts the anti-wear alloy steel series independently developed by our company. The steel mainly adds alloy such as cr-ni-mo-cu-re and so on. Through the tempering heat treatment process, the alloy steel has strong wear resistance and corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and impact resistance.

The whole set of process of our company is the first in China, which fills the blank of anti-corrosion and wear-resistant industrial pipeline in China and has reached the international advanced level. It has been widely used in mining, metallurgy, coal, electric power and other industries, and is an ideal wear-resistant pipeline.

What is a clad pipe made of?

The base material is carbon steel or low alloy steel. Clad pipes comply with the most stringent requirements of strength and corrosion resistance. The carbon steel outer pipe (backing steel or base metal) complies with the static requirements of strength and durability whereas the high alloyed inside pipe provides protection against corrosion.

Bimetal clad pipe applications across industries

Applications of Bimetal Clad Pipe

Oil and gas streams often contain aggressive species such as H₂S, CO₂ and chlorides. Subsea and untreated fields are particularly corrosive, with simultaneous heat transfer accelerating degradation.

Solid corrosion-resistant alloys are cost-prohibitive. Bimetal clad pipe offers an optimal balance: a thin corrosion-resistant inner liner combined with a high-strength carbon or low-alloy steel outer pipe.

Typical Service Conditions

Service Condition Recommended Liner / Outer Pipe
CO₂ Service 316L austenitic stainless steel liner
CO₂ + Chlorides 2205 / 2507 duplex stainless steel liner
Sour Service
(H₂S + CO₂ + Cl⁻)
028, G3, Inconel 625, Inconel 825, titanium alloys
Outer Pipe API 5L X42–X70, ASTM A106, A335-P22 (structural strength)

Industry Applications

Oil & Gas Transmission

Corrosion-resistant liners (Incoloy 825, Incoloy 625) combined with high-strength outer pipes (API 5L grades). Compliant with API 5LD for clad and lined steel pipe.

Power Generation & Boilers

Superheater and reheater tubes operating at 650°C / 35 MPa. Examples include:

  • Sumitomo: SUS310S / 35Cr-55Ni outer, 17-14CuMo / Alloy 800H inner
  • Sandvik: Carbon steel inner, Sanicro 28 outer (drop-in boiler retrofit)

Waste Incineration

Sanicro 65 alloy outer tubes with carbon or Cr-Mo steel inner tubes. Widely deployed in Europe and North America since the 1970s.

Heat Exchangers

High thermal conductivity with corrosion resistance:

  • Sandvik: Alloy 800 inner / ASTM A213 T22 outer
  • NKK (Japan): NIC42 inner / 16MnV outer

Wear-Resistant Service

SUS316L outer with Stellite 12 inner liner for pneumatic conveying of abrasive powders. Proven service life exceeding 4 years.

Marine & Offshore

Nickel, titanium or copper alloy liners with carbon steel outer pipes for seawater cooling, desalination and offshore heat exchangers.

Civil & Industrial Infrastructure

Civil: Potable water, HVAC, solar and geothermal systems.
Industrial: Oil & gas pipelines, chemical processing, desalination, FGD systems, pharmaceuticals and food processing.

Advantages of Bimetal Clad Pipe

  1. Excellent Wear Resistance
    Inner liner hardness ≥ 56 HRC, delivering superior abrasion resistance and thermal stability in high-temperature service.
  2. High Impact & Thermal Shock Resistance
    True metallurgical bonding between the alloy liner and steel outer pipe ensures structural integrity. Matching thermal expansion coefficients prevent cracking under cyclic heating and cooling.
  3. Corrosion & Oxidation Resistance
    The superhard alloy matrix resists oxidation and corrosion in wet, chemically aggressive and particle-laden environments. Optimized heat treatment further enhances dry-abrasion performance.
  4. Cost-Effective Manufacturing
    Produced via advanced EPC casting technology, ensuring high yield, uniform wall thickness, dense microstructure and consistent quality at a fraction of solid alloy pipe cost.
  5. Easy Installation & Maintenance
    Compatible with flanged, quick-coupled or welded joints. The robust composite structure allows on-site cutting, welding and hammer cleaning without risk of delamination or structural damage.
Metallurgically bonded bimetal clad pipe cross-section

Metallurgically bonded bimetal clad pipe

SHS process for bimetal clad pipe

Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) process

Manufacturing Technology

High-chromium cast iron represents the third generation of white cast irons, developed from conventional Ni-Hard alloys.

Process Requirements

  • Bimetal wear-resistant elbows produced by vacuum-assisted evaporative pattern casting (EPC).
  • Eccentric composite design; outer wall locally thickened based on service conditions.
  • Smooth internal bore (Ø510 mm), no protrusions; shrimp-waist welding prohibited.
  • Liner: High-chromium alloy ≥ KmTBCr28, hardness ≥ 56 HRC, service life > 2 years.
  • Outer pipe: 508×10 mm seamless or welded steel (GB/T 8163 / GB 2087).

Quality Requirements

  • Smooth inner/outer surfaces; no cracks, porosity or burrs.
  • Excellent thermal shock resistance; no spalling under cyclic heating.
  • Dimensional tolerances per GB 3092 / GB 8162 / GB 8163.
  • Liner thickness tolerance: ±1.2 mm.
Frequently Asked Questions
A bimetal clad pipe is a composite pipe with two metallurgically bonded layers: a corrosion- or wear-resistant inner liner and a high-strength carbon or low-alloy steel outer pipe.
KmTBCr28 is a high-chromium white iron (≈28% Cr, low C) with a Brinell hardness around 430 HB. It offers excellent corrosion and abrasion resistance in low-pH slurry service.
Pipe cladding is the application of a corrosion- or wear-resistant alloy onto a base pipe. Common methods include weld overlay cladding, explosion cladding and mechanical roll bonding.

  • Excellent corrosion and abrasion resistance

  • Lower material cost vs solid alloy pipe

  • Extended service life in aggressive media

  • Material flexibility for different service conditions


  • Oil & gas: corrosive fluid and gas transmission

  • Petrochemical: acid and slurry handling

  • Mining: tailings and mineral slurries

  • Power: fly ash and desulfurization systems

Typical processes include explosive welding, roll bonding, vacuum diffusion bonding and centrifugal casting, all producing a true metallurgical bond.
Yes. Liners, outer pipes, diameters and lengths can be tailored to specific pressures, temperatures and media.
Yes. With appropriate alloy selection (e.g., Inconel 625, Sanicro 28), bimetal clad pipes perform reliably at elevated temperatures.

Axial Fans

Axial fans move air parallel to the shaft axis. They are widely used in ventilation, cooling and industrial exhaust systems where high flow rates at low to medium pressures are required.

Axial fan assembly
Axial fan blade detail
Industrial axial fan
Heavy-duty axial fan

Features of centrifugal casting for bimetal wear resistant pipe production process

(1) Centrifugal casting technology enables the molten steel to solidify and form under the gravity condition, which is dozens of times higher than conventional casting. It solves the problem of loose inside the casting tube billet, has high metal density, and has good discharge and exhaust effect.

(2)The size accuracy of centrifugal cast pipe is high and the wall thickness is even, which provides a favorable guarantee for the size accuracy of subsequent processed products.

(3)Centrifugal casting process has high flexibility for the production of steel pipes of small batch, multiple varieties and specifications, high quality and high value-added steel.

What is CRA Cladding?

CRA basically means corrosion resistant alloy.
It’s a material that is built for cladding because its main purpose is to enhance a pipe’s resistance to corrosion.


What is Elbow Cladding?

Pipe elbow cladding is the process of applying a cladding material to elbow pipes.
It’s done on a more careful manner than the usual.
This is because elbow pipes can change throughout the entirety of the process.


Where Can Pipe Cladding be Applied to?

Particularly, the process of pipe cladding benefits the oil and gas industry the most.

However, it can also be used by other industries such as:

  • Mining Industry
  • Aquamarine Industry
  • Manufacturing Industry
  • Fabrication Industry
  • And Other Industries That Have High Temperature and High Impact

What is Pipe Lining?

Pipe lining is the process of prolonging the lifespan of pipes.

It can also be used, however, to restore a pipe from natural damages such as:

  • Corrosion
  • Abrasion
  • Erosion
  • Leaks
  • And the Like

Lined Pipes vs. Clad Pipes

Pipe lining and pipe cladding are processes that are far from each other.

Lining is the process of mechanically bonding materials to pipes for restoration. Some of the uses of pipe lining include:

  • To protect the pipes from damages
  • To prolong lifespan of pipes
  • To restore the original dimensions of pipes

Cladding is the procedure of metallurgical bonding of clad materials to pipes. Some of the major uses of pipe cladding include:

  • To create abrasion resistant pipes
  • To prevent corrosion and wear
  • To be able to resist high temperatures and high stress and impact situations

Who Can Help You With Pipe Cladding?

There are a lot of companies that utilize state-of-the-art pipe cladding equipment.

We have cutting-edge technology that can complete projects ahead of time.

Some of the most notable features that our pipe cladding equipment have include:

  • Simplicity of use and operations
  • High automation
  • Effective water cooling effect
  • Multi welding torch swing integration
  • All are of a high quality and original – best to produce the components your business needs!
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