Seamless pipe STPG38

Seamless pipe STPG38

The STPG38 seamless pipe is specified by the JIS G3454 standard, which outlines the requirements for carbon steel pipes used for pressure service.

STPG38 seamless pipes, as specified by the JIS G3454 standard, are carbon steel pipes designed for pressure service at approximate maximum temperatures of 350°C. These pipes are ideal for various applications requiring resistance to high pressure and temperature.

Key Characteristics

Specifications

STPG38 seamless pipes adhere to the following specifications:

Advantages

Quality Control

STPG38 seamless pipes undergo rigorous quality control measures, including:

STPG38 seamless pipes are a reliable choice for low and medium pressure applications, offering a combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and precision. Their seamless construction and adherence to strict quality standards make them suitable for a variety of industrial applications.

STPG38 refers to a specific type of seamless pipe made of carbon steel. It is commonly used in various applications that require high-pressure and high-temperature resistance.

SEAMLESS PIPE STPG38
SEAMLESS PIPE STPG38
SEAMLESS PIPE STPG38

The STPG38 seamless pipe is a type of pipe known for its seamless construction. It is crafted from a specific type of steel, often characterized by its number designation, which signifies its unique properties and composition. In this case, "STPG38" represents the specific steel grade.

Key Characteristics and Features:

  1. Seamless Construction: The standout feature of the STPG38 seamless pipe is its construction. Unlike welded pipes, seamless pipes are formed from a single piece of steel, which eliminates the need for longitudinal welds. This results in a pipe with no weak points along its length.

  2. Material Strength: STPG38 pipes are crafted from high-quality materials that provide exceptional strength and durability. This ensures they can withstand the demands of various applications, particularly those involving high pressure or temperature.

  3. Corrosion Resistance: These pipes are designed to be corrosion-resistant, making them ideal for applications where the conveyed fluids or gases may be chemically aggressive.

  4. Precise Dimensions: The manufacturing process of seamless pipes allows for tight tolerances and precise dimensions. This ensures compatibility with a variety of fittings and components, making installation more straightforward.

  5. Smooth Interior: The seamless construction results in a smooth interior surface, which minimizes flow resistance and pressure loss. This is crucial for applications where efficient fluid transport is essential.

Applications of STPG38 Seamless Pipe:

STPG38 seamless pipes find widespread use in a range of industries and applications:

  1. Oil and Gas: These pipes are employed in the oil and gas sector for the transportation of crude oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbons.

  2. Petrochemicals: STPG38 pipes are used in the petrochemical industry for conveying chemicals, solvents, and other substances.

  3. Power Generation: In power plants, these pipes are integral for transporting steam, condensate, and cooling water.

  4. Automotive: The automotive industry utilizes seamless pipes in exhaust systems and other fluid-carrying components.

  5. Construction: These pipes are used in construction for plumbing, heating, and ventilation systems.

  6. Aerospace: In the aerospace industry, STPG38 seamless pipes are utilized for hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

Advantages of STPG38 Seamless Pipe:

Standard Standard

Japanese Industrial Standards for steel

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) developed by the organization apply to a wide variety of industrial services and technologies such as automobiles, metallurgy, ships and medical equipment

The method for making cold-drawn seamless pipes involves taking a round “billet” or bar of steel and boring it in the center, turning it, cutting it, heating it to make it more pliable, then “drawing” it (extruding or pulling it) to make it a longer and thinner tube.

Japanese Industrial Standards specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan. The standardization process is coordinated by Japanese Industrial Standards Committee and published through Japanese Standards Association.

The Industrial Standardization Law was revised in 2004 and the JIS mark product certification system was changed. Standards are named like “JIS X 0208:1997″, where X denotes area division, followed by four digits (or five digits for some of the standards corresponding ISO standards) and the revision release year.

MTC IN EN 10204.3

EN 10204:2004 is for metallic products-and this norm tell us things about Types of inspection documents. There are no material standards.

Mostly material is defined with its chemical composition and mechanical properties in a public standars like ISO, EN, JIS, ASTM etc.

What is JIS?

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan. The standardization process is coordinated by Japanese Industrial Standards Committee and published through Japanese Standards Association.

Tolerance of JIS seamless pipe

Table 1: Tolerance on Outside Diameter in JIS G3441, G3444, G3445

Standard Tolerance on outside diameter (mm)
JIS G3441
JIS G3444
JIS G3445
=50 ±0.5
>50 ±1%
JIS G3441
JIS G3444
JIS G3445
<50 ±0.25
>50 ±0.5%
JIS G3441
JIS G3445
<25 ±0.12
>25-40 ±0.15
>40-50 ±0.18
>5:.60 ±0.20
>60-70 ±0.23
>70-80 ±0.25
>80-90 ±0.30
>90-100 ±0.40
>100 ±0.5%
JIS G3441 <13 ±0.25
>13-25 ±0.40
>25-40 ±0.60
>40-65 ±0.80
>65-90 ±1.00
>90-140 ±1.20
>140 By agreement

Table 2: Tolerance on Wall Thickness in JIS G3441, G3444, G3445

Standard Tolerance on wall thickness (mm)
JIS G3441
JIS G3444
JIS G3445
<=4 -0.5,+0.6
>4 -12.5%, +15%
JIS G3441
JIS G3444
JIS G3445
<=3 ±0 .3
>3 ±10%
JIS G3441
JIS G3445
<=2 ±0.15
>2 ±8%

Table 3: Tolerance on Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness in JIS G3454

Process Tolerance on outside diameter Tolerance on wall thickness
<40A ±0.5mm <=4mm +0.6mm
-0.5%
>50A, <125A ±1%
Hot Rolled
Seamless Pipes
150A ±1.6mm >4mm +15%
-12.5%
>200A ±0.8%
More than 350mm,the
Tolerance is ±0.5%
Cold Drawn
Seamless Pipes
and Electric
Resistant
Welded Pipes
<25A ±0.3mm <=3mm ±0.3mm
>32A ±0.8% >3mm ±10%
But more than 350mm, the
Tolerance is ±0.5%

Table 4: Tolerance on Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness in JIS G3455, G3456, G3458, G3460

Process Tolerance on outside diameter Tolerance on wall thickness
Hot Rolled
Seamless Pipes
<=50mm ±0.5mm <=4mm ±0.5mm
>50-160mm ±1%
>160-200mm ±1.6mm >4mm ±12.5%
>200mm ±0.8%
More that 350mm, the
Tolerance is ±0.5%
Cold Drawn
Seamless Pipes
and Electric Resistant
Welded Pipes
<=40mm ±0.3mm <=2mm ±0.2mm
>40mm ±0.8% >2mm ±10%
More than 350 mm the
Tolerance is ±0.5%

Table 5: Tolerance on Outside Diameter in JIS G3461, G3462, G3464

O.D. Tolerance on outside diameter
Hot rolled seamless pipes Seamless pipes through quench and normalized Cold drawn seamless pipes throng, the hot treatment except quench and normalized Electric welded pipes except cold drawn Cold drawn electric welded pipes
mm
<=25 +0.4
-0.8
±0.25 ±0.10 ±0.15 ±0.10
>25.40 ±0.25 ±0.15 ±0.20 ±0.15
>40-50 ±0.25 ±0.20 ±0.25 ±0.20
>50.60 ±0.25 ±0.25 ±0.30 ±0.25
>60-80 ±0.30 ±0.30 ±0.40 ±0.30
>80.100 ±0.40 ±0.40 -0.60,+0.40 ±0.40
>100-120 +0.4
-1.2
-0.60,+0.40 -0.60,+0.40 -0.80,+0.40 -0.60,+0.40
>120-160 -0.80,+0.40 -0.80,+0.40 -1.00,+0.40 -0.80,+0.40
>160-200 -1.8,+0.4 -1.20,+0.40 -1.20,+0.40 -1.20,+0.40 -1.20,+0.40
>200 -2.4,+0.4 -1.60,+0.40 -1.60,+0.40 -1.60,+0.40 -1.60,+0.40

Table 6: Tolerance on Wall Thickness in JIS G3461, G3462, G3464

Wall
thickness
(mm)
Hot rolled seamless pipe Cold drawn seamless pipe Electric welded pipe
O.D(mm) O.D(mm) O.D(mm)
<=100 >100 <=40 >40 <=40 >40
(%)
<=2 -0,+0.4mm +22
-0
-0,+0.3mm +18
0
>2-2.4 -0,+40 +20
-,0
+18
-0
>2.4-3.8 -0,+35 -0,+35
>3.8-4.6 -0,+23 -0,+33
>4.6 -0,+28 -0,+28

Table 7: Tolerance on the Length in JIS G3461, G3462, G3464

Item Tolerance an length
OD<50mm <7m -0, +7mm
>=7m Every 3m increase in length, the plus tolerance be increased by 3mm with a maximum of 15mm
OD>=50mm <7m -0, +10mm
>=7m Every 3m increase in length, the plus tolerance be increased by 3mm with a maximum of 15mm
OD: Outside Diameter

Table 8: Tolerance on Outside Diameter in JIS G3465

Process Tolerance on outside diameter (mm)
Hot Rolled <=50 ±0.5
>50 ±1%
Cold Drawn <=40 ±0.2
>40 ±0.5%

JIS Number and Corrensponding Foreign Standards

JIS ASTM BS DIN NF ISO Index Number
Standard Number Grade Tupe Standard Number Grade Tupe Standard Number Grade Tupe Standard Number Grade Tupe Standard Number Grade Tupe Standard Number Grade Tupe
G3456 STPT370
(STPT38)

C A106 GrA C 3602 HFS360 C 17175 St35.8 C A49-211 TU37b C 2604/2 TS5 C C004
" CFS360 C 17177 St37.8 C A49-213 TU37c C 2604/3 TW9H C
" ERW360 C A49-243 TU37c C
" CEW360 C
STPT410
(STPT42) 
C A106 GrB C 3602 HFS410 C 17175 St45.8 C A49-211 TU42b C 2604/2 TS9H C
" CFS410 C 17177 St42.8 C A49-213 TU42c C
" ERW410 C A49-243 TU42c C
" CEEW410 C
STPT480
(STPT42)
C A106 GrC C 3602 HFS460 C A49-211 TU48b C 2604/2 TS14 C
" CFS460 C A49-213 TU48c C
" ERW460 C
" CEEW460 C

In the Meiji era, private enterprises were responsible for making standards. However, the Japanese government did have standards and specification documents for procurement purposes for certain articles, such as munitions. These were summarized to form an official standard old JES in 1921. During World War II, simplified standards were established to increase matériel output. The Industrial Standardization Law was enacted in 1949, which forms the legal foundations for the present Japanese Industrial Standards.

Measurement size & Testing

Packing

Delivery


Other Range of JIS standards for steel pipes

JIS seamless pipe according to alloy, stainless steel or carbon. It tests steel’s properties, hardness, resistance to corrosion, pitting, heat treating processes and others. The results are listed in a main JIS steel grade for steel pipe as below.

JIS G3439

Seamless Steel Oil Well, Casing, Tubing and Drill Pipe
Steel grade: STO-G, STO-H, STO-J, STO-N, STO-C, STO-D, STO-E
Application: Seamless Steel Oil Well, Casing, Tubing and Drill Pipe

JIS G3441

Steel grade:SCr 420TK, SCM415TK, SCM418TK, SCM420TK, SCM430TK, SCM435TK, SCM440TK
Application:Alloy Steel Tubes for General Structural Purpose

JIS G3444

Steel grade: STK 30, STK 41, STK 50, STK 51, STK 55
Application: Carbon Steel Tubes for General Structural Purpose
Dimension Range: 21.7-1016.0 mm

Application: Carbon Steel Tubes for Machine Structural Purposes

JIS G3455

Steel grade: STS 38, STS 42, STS 49
Application: Carbon Steel Pipes for High Pressure Service
Dimension Range: 10.5-660.4 mm

JIS G3456

Steel grade: STPT 38, STPT 42, STPT 49
Application: Carbon Steel Pipes for High Temperature Service
Dimension Range:10.5-660.4 mm

JIS G3460

Steel grade:STPL 39, STPL 46, STPL 70
Application: Steel Pipes for Low Temperature Service
Dimension Range:10.5-660.4 mm

JIS G3464

Steel grade: STBL 39, STBL46, STBL 70
Application: Steel Heat Exchanger Tubes for Low Temperature Service
Dimension Range: 15.9-139.8 mm

JIS G3465

Steel grade: STM-055, STM-C65, STM-R60, STM-1170, STM-1180, STM-R85
Application: Seamless Steel Tubes for Drilling
Dimension Range: Casing: 43-142mm / Hollow Pipes: 34-180mm / Drilling:33.5-50mm

JIS G3467

Steel grade: STF 42, STFAl2, STFA22, STFA23, 5TFA24, STFA23, STFA26
Application:Steel Tubes for Fired Heater
Dimension Range:60.5-267.4mm

JIS G3101 SS400

JIS G3101 SS400 is one of the most commonly used hot rolled general structural steel.
SS400 is a Japanese brand of ordinary steel products

Cutting steel tube

Seamless Tube Processing

With years of expertise, we provide a wide range of steel tube processing services. From basic sawing and machining to complex bending and upsetting operations, we support you at every stage of your project.

Our capabilities include eccentricity reduction and concentricity improvement through turning and grinding. We specialize in creating complex geometries using rotary swaging and axial forming, and offer property modifications through partial heat treatment to meet your exact requirements.

Our Processing Capabilities

Variable wall thicknesses
Drilling / Stamping / Lasering
Peeling / Roller Burnishing
Cold Forming
Cutting
Beveling
Deburring
Thread Rolling / Threading
Partial Hardening
Turning / Milling / Grinding
Reducing / Expanding
Swing

Our Areas of Application

A range to meet your needs

Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering

High-quality steel solutions for diverse mechanical engineering applications – reliable, precise, and built for performance.

Construction

Construction

Premium steel products for demanding construction projects – from bridges to offshore structures, built to last.

Automotive

Automotive

Versatile components for the automotive industry – precision, quality, and processing expertise for every application.

Plant Engineering & Energy

Plant Engineering & Energy

Robust tubes for plant engineering and energy systems – designed for extreme conditions and long-term efficiency.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Versatile solutions for modern infrastructure – supporting reliable supply networks and large-scale construction projects.

Hydraulics

Hydraulics

Versatile solutions for hydraulic systems – durable, pressure-resistant, and engineered for maximum reliability.

Typical Applications

  • Power generation & thermal plants
  • Boilers, superheaters, reheaters
  • Steam piping & headers
  • Heat exchangers & condensers
  • Oil & gas processing
  • Petrochemical & refining
  • Fertilizer & chemical plants
  • Nuclear power facilities

Key Advantages

  • High-temperature strength
  • Excellent pressure resistance
  • Superior corrosion & oxidation resistance
  • Long service life
  • Reduced maintenance cost
  • Good weldability & recyclability

Service Conditions

Condition Typical Application
High Temperature Boilers, superheaters, steam headers
Low Temperature Cryogenic processing systems
High Pressure Power & process piping
Corrosive Media Chemical & petrochemical plants
Creep Service Thermal power stations

Common Standards

Product Specification
Seamless Pipes ASTM A335 P1 / P5 / P9 / P11 / P22 / P91
Butt Weld Fittings ASTM A234 WP1 / WP5 / WP9 / WP11 / WP22 / WP91
Forged Fittings & Flanges ASTM A182 F1 / F5 / F9 / F11 / F22 / F91

Industries Served

Sunny Steel supplies alloy steel piping systems worldwide, supporting projects that demand certified materials, full traceability and long-term operational reliability.

  • Oil & Gas
  • Petrochemical
  • Power Generation
  • Chemical Processing
  • Mining
  • Marine Engineering
  • Refineries
  • Fertilizer Plants
  • Heavy Industry

Inspection

Chemical composition inspection, mechanical properties test(tensile strength,yield strength, elongation, flaring, flattening, bending, hardness, impact test), surface and dimension test, non-destructive test, hydrostatic test.

PMI

Identification of the chemical composition of the metal used to manufacture the fitting. Uses PMI sensors, including X-ray fluorescence or optical emission spectrometry.

PMI metal composition inspection
PMI metal composition inspection
PMI metal composition inspection
PMI metal composition inspection
PMI metal composition inspection
PMI metal composition inspection

Size measurement

Steel pipe length measurement
Steel pipe outer diameter measurement
Steel pipe wall thickness measurement
Seamless tube wall thickness measurement
Seamless tube outer diameter measurement

Seamless pipes with compound bevels as per ASME B16.25 And ASTM A333

ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel
ASTM A333 Grade 8 cryogenic seamless pipe compound bevel

Delivery

Steel pipe delivery status(condition)

Steel pipe delivery status(condition): cold / hard (BK), cold / soft (BKW), after cold stress relief annealing (BKS), annealing (GBK), normalized (NBK).

Condition on delivery of steel pipe

Term Symbol Explanation
Cold-finished/hard (cold-finished as-drawn) BK No heat treatment after the last cold-forming process. The tubes therefore have only low deformability.
Cold-finished/soft (lightly cold-worked) BKW After the last heat treatment there is a light finishing pass (cold drawing). With proper subsequent processing, the tube can be cold-formed (e.g. bent, expanded) within certain limits.
Annealed GBK After the final cold-forming process the tubes are annealed in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum.
Normalized NBK The tubes are annealed above the upper transformation point in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum.

The general cold strip mills, volume should go through continuous annealing (CAPL unit) to eliminate cold hardening and rolling stress, or batch annealing reach the mechanical properties of the corresponding standard specifies. Cold rolled steel surface quality, appearance, dimensional accuracy better than hot-rolled plate, and right-rolled thin product thickness is about 0.18mm, so the majority of users favor.

Cold rolled steel coil substrate products deep processing of high value-added products. Such as electro-galvanized, hot dip galvanized, electro-galvanized fingerprint resistant, painted steel roll damping composite steel, PVC laminating steel plates, etc., so that the excellent quality of these products has a beautiful, high resistance to corrosion, has been widely used.

Cold rolled steel coil finishing after annealing, cut the head, tail, trimming, flattening, smooth, heavy volume, or longitudinal clipboard. Cold-rolled products are widely used in automobile manufacturing, household electrical appliances, instruments, switches, buildings, office furniture and other industries. Steel plate strapping package weight of 3 to 5 tons. Flat sub-volume typically 3 to 10 tons / volume. Coil diameter 6m.

Packing

Bare packing/bundle packing/crate packing/wooden protection at the both sides of tubes and suitably protected for seaworthy delivery or as requested.

Steel pipe bundle packing
Steel pipe bundle packing
Seamless steel pipe packing
Seamless steel pipe packing
Small diameter tube packing
Small diameter tube packing

Placing steel pipes into containers

Alloy pipe loading into container
Alloy pipe loading into container
Alloy pipe loading into container
Alloy pipe loading into container
Alloy pipe loading into container
Alloy pipe loading into container

There are probably hundreds of different methods for packing a pipe, and most of them have merit, but there are two principles that are vital for any method to work: prevent rusting and sea transportation security.

Steel strips bundling for fixed pipes

  • Plastic caps plugged at the two sides of pipe ends
  • Avoid damage caused by steel strapping during transportation
  • Bundled signs should be uniform and consistent
  • The same bundle(batch) of steel pipe shall come from the same furnace.
  • The steel pipe shall have the same furnace number, steel grade and specifications.

Our packing can meet any needs of the customers.

Frequently Asked Questions
Alloy steels are made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum. These metals are added to produce specific properties that are not found in regular carbon steel. The elements are added in varying proportions (or combinations) making the material take on different aspects such as increased hardness, increased corrosion resistance, increased strength, improved formability (ductility); the weldability can also change.

  • Increased hardenability.

  • Increased corrosion resistance.

  • Retention of hardness and strength.

  • Nearly all alloy steels require heat treatment in order to bring out their best properties.

Alloying elements are added to steel to enhance mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance.

  • Chromium – Adds hardness. Increased toughness and wear resistance.

  • Cobalt – Used in making cutting tools; improved Hot Hardness (or Red Hardness).

  • Manganese – Increases surface hardness. Improves resistance to strain, hammering & shocks.

  • Molybdenum – Increases strength. Improves resistance to shock and heat.

  • Nickel – Increases strength & toughness. Improves corrosion resistance.

  • Tungsten – Adds hardness and improves grain structure. Provides improved heat resistance.

  • Vanadium – Increases strength, toughness and shock resistance. Improved corrosion resistance.

  • Chromium-Vanadium – Greatly improved tensile strength. It is hard but easy to bend and cut.


  • API 5L – Line Pipe

  • ASTM A 53 – Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, Steel Pipe

  • ASTM A 106 – Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

  • ASTM A 213 – Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

  • ASTM A 269 – Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service

  • ASTM A 312 – Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

  • ASTM A 333 – Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service

  • ASTM A 335 – Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

  • ASTM A 358 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications

  • ASTM A 671 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures

  • ASTM A 672 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate Temperatures

  • ASTM A 790 – Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

  • ASTM A 928 – Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal

  • EN 10208-2 – Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids – Part 2: Pipes of requirement class B

  • EN 10210-1/2 – Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels

  • EN 10216-1 – Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties

  • EN 10216-2 – Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties

  • EN 10217-1 – Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties

  • EN 10217-2 – Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 2: Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties

  • EN 10219-1/2 – Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels

  • EN 10297-1 – Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes – Part 1 Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes


  • API 5L Gr. A, B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70

  • ASTM A 53 Gr. A, Gr. B

  • ASTM A106 Gr. A, B, C

  • ASTM A 213 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H, T5, T9, T11

  • ASTM A 269 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H

  • ASTM A 312 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H

  • ASTM A 333 Gr. 3, Gr. 6 ASTM A 335 P1, P2, P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P92

  • ASTM A 358 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H

  • ASTM A 671 CC 60, CC 65, CC 70

  • ASTM A 672 CC 60, CC 65, CC 70

  • ASTM 790 UNS S31803, UNS S32205, UNS S32750, UNS S32760

  • ASTM A928

  • EN 10208-2 L245, L 290, L360

  • EN 10210-1 S235 JRH, S275 JOH, S275 J2H, S355 JOH, S355 J2H

  • EN 10216-1 P235 TR1/2

  • EN 10216-2 P235 GH, P265 GH

  • EN 10217-1 P235 TR1/2, P275 TR1/2

  • EN 10217-2 P235 GH, P265 GH

  • EN 10219-1 S235 JRH, S275 JOH, S275 J2H, S355 JOH, S355 J2H

  • EN 10297-1 E235, E275, E315, E355, E470

Alloying Elements

Commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.

Alloying Elements Effect on the Properties
Chromium Increases Resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Increases hardenability and wear resistance. Increases high temperature strength.
Nickel Increases hardenability. Improves toughness. Increases impact strength at low temperatures.
Molybdenum Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Enhances the effects of other alloying elements. Eliminate temper brittleness in steels. Increases high temperature strength.
Manganese Increases hardenability. Combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects.
Vanadium Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Improves fatigue resistance.
Titanium Strongest carbide former. Added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide.
Silicon Removes oxygen in steel making. Improves toughness. Increases hardness ability
Boron Increases hardenability. Produces fine grain size.
Aluminum Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting.
Cobalt Increases heat and wear resistance.
Tungsten Increases hardness at elevated temperatures. Refines grain size.
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