Stainless Steel 410 410 is a martensitic stainless steel which is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild environents and has fairly good ductility.
AISI 410 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel known for its moderate corrosion resistance and good strength. It is magnetic and can be hardened through heat treatment.
410 is a martensitic stainless steel that is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild environments and has fairly good ductility. 410 pipe is used where abrasion and wear resistance is needed, combined with fair resistance to general corrosion and oxidation.
Pipeline transportation of fluids mixed with solids like coal, sand or gravel
Resistant to mild corrosive environments but less so compared to austenitic grades like 304 or 316.
Can be welded using conventional methods but requires preheating and post-weld annealing to prevent cracking.
Easy to machine in annealed condition but becomes more difficult when hardened.
Alloy 410 (UNS S41000) is a 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel plate that can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties.
C | Cr | Mn | Ni | P | S | Si |
Max | Max | Max | Max | Max | ||
0.15% | 11.5% - 13.5% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.75% |
Material | Tempering Temp °C (°F) | 0.2 % Yield Strength (Mpa) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (Mpa) | % Elongation in 2" | % Reduction of Area | Charpy V Notch Impact Strength (J) | Hardness Brinell |
Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
260 (500) | 1089 | 1331 | 17 | 62 | 76 | 401 |
Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
317 (700) | 1069 | 1296 | 17 | 60 | 66 | 401 |
Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
482 (900) | 1014 | 1303 | 18 | 58 | 38 | 401 |
Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
538 (1000) | 917 | 965 | 19 | 62 | 33 | 285 |
Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
593 (1100) | 724 | 827 | 20 | 63 | 52 | 248 |
Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
649 (1200) | 634 | 731 | 21 | 65 | 119 | 223 |
Grade 410 stainless steels find applications in the following:
Tensile Requirements - Stainless Steel 410
The table below provides the suitable alternative grades to 410 stainless steels:
Grade | Reasons for choosing the grade |
416 | High machinability is required, and the lower corrosion resistance of 416 is acceptable. |
420 | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained from 410 is needed. |
440C | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained even from 420 is needed. |
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 410 stainless steels are resistant to hot gases, steam, food, mild acids and alkalies, fresh water and dry air. These steels obtain maximum corrosion and heat resistance through hardening. However, grade 410 steels are less corrosion resistant than austenitic grades and grade 430 ferritic alloys containing 17% chromium. Smooth surface finish offers improved performance of steels.
Heat Resistance
Grade 410 steels have good scaling resistance at temperatures of up to 650 °C. However, the mechanical properties of the material will tend to reduce at temperatures ranging from 400 to 580 °C.
Heat Treatment
Annealing - Grade 410 steels can be fully annealed at temperatures from 815 to 900 °C, followed by slow furnace cooling and air-cooling. Process annealing of grade 410 steels can be carried out at temperatures ranging from 650 to 760 °C and air-cooled.
Hardening – Hardening of grade 410 steels can be performed at 925 to 1010 °C, followed by air and oil quenching. Heavy sections of grade 410 need to be oil quenched. Tempering, to enhance the mechanical properties and hardness of grade 410 steels, follows this process. It is not recommended to perform tempering at temperatures from 400 to 580 °C.
Welding
Grade 410 steels can be welded using all conventional welding techniques, but the materials should pre-heated at 150 to 260 °C followed by post-weld annealing treatment, to mitigate cracking. Grade 410 welding rods are recommended for tempering and post-hardening. In the "as welded" conditions, grade 309 filler rods can be used to achieve a ductile joint.
According to AS 1554.6 standards, grade 309 electrodes or rods are preferred for welding 410 steels.
Machining
Grade 410 steels can be easily machined in highly tempered or annealed conditions. However, it is hard to machine grade 410 steels if they are hardened above 30HRC. Free machining grade 416 is the best alternative.